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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象视频or authored by 大象视频researchers.

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1 to 15 of 15 Research Studies Displayed
Pak TR, Chen T, Kanjilal S
Testing and masking policies and hospital-onset respiratory viral infections.
This research letter summarized a cohort study which examined the association of changes in masking and testing requirements for healthcare staff with incidence of hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in ten hospitals in the Mass General Brigham system. The findings showed that stopping universal masking and SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with a significant increase in hospital-onset respiratory viral infections relative to community infections; returning to staff masking was associated with a significant decrease.
AHRQ-funded; HS030118.
Citation: Pak TR, Chen T, Kanjilal S . Testing and masking policies and hospital-onset respiratory viral infections. JAMA Netw Open 2024 Nov 4; 7(11):e2448063. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48063.
Keywords: Hospitals, COVID-19, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Policy
Gustavson AM, Morrow CD, Brown RJ, , Brown RJ
Reimagining how we synthesize information to impact clinical care, policy, and research priorities in real time: examples and lessons learned from COVID-19.
This methods paper described how the authors reimagined synthesizing information to impact clinical care, policy, and research priorities in real time using examples and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. They presented three exemplar cases of rapid evidence synthesis products from the Veterans Healthcare Administration Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP), and, in the context of these examples, outlined ESP products, challenges, and lessons learned. They faced challenges in (1) balancing scientific rigor with the speed in which evidence synthesis was needed, (2) sorting through rapidly evolving large bodies of evidence, and (3) assessing the impact of evidence synthesis products on clinical care, policy, and research. They found solutions in (1) engaging stakeholders early, (2) utilizing artificial intelligence capabilities, (3) building infrastructure to establish living reviews, and (4) planning for dissemination to maximize impact.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Gustavson AM, Morrow CD, Brown RJ, , Brown RJ . Reimagining how we synthesize information to impact clinical care, policy, and research priorities in real time: examples and lessons learned from COVID-19. J Gen Intern Med 2024 Oct; 39(13):2554-59. doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-08855-y..
Keywords: COVID-19, Policy, Health Services Research (HSR), Evidence-Based Practice
Bartsch SM, Weatherwax C, Leff B
Modeling nursing home harms from COVID-19 staff furlough policies.
The objective of this modeling study was to compare COVID-19-related with non-related harms associated with allowing staff who are mildly ill with COVID-19 to work while masked. An agent-based model representing a 100-bed nursing home and its residents, staff, and their interactions as well as resident and staff health outcomes simulated the impact of different COVID-19 furlough policies over one post-pandemic year. The results indicated that allowing nursing home staff to work with mild COVID-19 illness was associated with fewer resident harms from staffing shortages and missed care tasks than harms from increased COVID-19 transmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS028165.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Weatherwax C, Leff B . Modeling nursing home harms from COVID-19 staff furlough policies. JAMA Netw Open 2024 Aug; 7(8):e2429613. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29613..
Keywords: COVID-19, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Policy
Hughes PM, Easterly CW, Thomas K
North Carolina Medicaid system perspectives on substance use disorder treatment policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study鈥檚 objective was to describe perspectives from stakeholders involved in North Carolina鈥檚 Medicaid system on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment policy changes during the COVID pandemic. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with state agency representatives, Medicaid managed care organizations and providers, as well as three focus groups of Medicaid beneficiaries with SUD. Responses indicated that policy changes such as telehealth and take-home methadone were overall considered beneficial; staffing shortages, however, remained a substantial barrier. The researchers concluded that the policy changes should be continued, but additional steps are needed to ensure payment parity for telehealth services.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hughes PM, Easterly CW, Thomas K . North Carolina Medicaid system perspectives on substance use disorder treatment policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Addict Med 2024 Mar-Apr; 18(2):e1-e7. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001272..
Keywords: COVID-19, Medicaid, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Policy
MacMartin M, Zeng A, Chelen J
'The burden of wanting to make it right': thematic analysis of semistructured interviews to explore experiences of planning for crisis standards of care and ventilator allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA.
The objective of this study was to examine the experience of healthcare professionals who created policies for crisis standards of care. Researchers conducted semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals involved in institutional planning for resource shortages in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically regarding the allocation of ventilators in the event of a shortage. One overarching theme developed: planning for resource shortages imposed a psychological burden on many planners. Four subthemes that influenced that burden were also identified. The researchers concluded that improved leadership strategies and cross-institutional collaboration can reduce the psychological burden of planning and can facilitate the update of plans in anticipation of future shortages.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: MacMartin M, Zeng A, Chelen J . 'The burden of wanting to make it right': thematic analysis of semistructured interviews to explore experiences of planning for crisis standards of care and ventilator allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. BMJ Open 2023 Nov 9; 13(11):e076674. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076674..
Keywords: COVID-19, Public Health, Policy
Hatch BA, Kenzie E, Ramalingam N
Impact of the COVID-19 vaccination mandate on the primary care workforce and differences between rural and urban settings to inform future policy decision-making.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine how vaccine mandates affect the healthcare workforce. Between October 28, 2021- November 18, 2021, following implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination mandate for healthcare personnel, the researchers conducted a survey of Oregon primary care clinic staff. The survey included 19 questions that assessed the clinic-level effects of the vaccination mandate. Study outcomes included job loss among staff, receipt of an approved vaccination waiver, new vaccination among staff, and the perceived significance of the policy on clinic staffing. Staff from 80 clinics across 28 counties completed surveys, representing 38 rural and 42 urban clinics. The study found that clinics reported job loss (46%), use of vaccination waivers (51%), and newly vaccinated staff (60%). Significantly more rural clinics (compared to urban) used medical and/or religious vaccination waivers (71% vs 33%) and reported significant impact on clinic staffing (45% vs 21%). There was also a non-significant trend toward more job loss for rural compared to urban clinics (53% vs. 41%). Qualitative analysis revealed a decrease in clinic morale and mixed opinions of the vaccination mandate.
AHRQ-funded; HS027080.
Citation: Hatch BA, Kenzie E, Ramalingam N . Impact of the COVID-19 vaccination mandate on the primary care workforce and differences between rural and urban settings to inform future policy decision-making. PLoS One 2023 Jun 27; 18(6):e0287553. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287553..
Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Primary Care, Policy, Rural Health, Urban Health, Rural/Inner-City Residents
Guo W, Li Y, Temkin-Greener H
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in assisted living communities: neighborhood deprivation and state social distancing policies matter.
Investigators examined the association between COVID-19 cases in assisted living communities (ALCs) and the proportion of Medicare-Medicaid (dual) eligible minority residents, neighborhood area deprivation, and state COVID-19 policy stringency. They found that ALCs with higher proportions of dual-eligible minority residents were more likely to have COVID-19 outbreaks within their communities. Further, ALCs located in more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods, and in states with less stringent state social distancing policies, tended to have more COVID-19 cases.
AHRQ-funded; HS026893.
Citation: Guo W, Li Y, Temkin-Greener H . Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in assisted living communities: neighborhood deprivation and state social distancing policies matter. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022 Aug;43(8):1004-09. doi: 10.1017/ice.2022.46..
Keywords: COVID-19, Elderly, Long-Term Care, Policy, Public Health
Pollack CE, Leifheit KM, McGinty EE
Public support for policies to increase housing stability during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated longstanding housing precarity. This study measured the public support for policies designed to increase housing stability and gauged whether support levels were associated with views about the role of evictions in COVID-19 transmission and the existence of racial inequities in the housing market. The investigators concluded that support for housing stability policies was strong among U.S. adults, particularly among those who agreed that preventing evictions slowed COVID-19 transmission and among those who acknowledged racial inequities in the housing market.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Pollack CE, Leifheit KM, McGinty EE . Public support for policies to increase housing stability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Prev Med 2021 Dec;61(6):919-22. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.006..
Keywords: COVID-19, Policy, Public Health
Chelen JSC, White DB, Zaza S
US ventilator allocation and patient triage policies in anticipation of the COVID-19 surge.
Researchers assessed policy preparedness and substantive triage criteria within existing policies using a cross-sectional survey distributed to public health personnel and healthcare providers between March 23 and April 23, 2020. They found that their sample of policies reflected organizational strategies of exemplar-based policy development and the use of objective criteria in triage decisions, either before or instead of clinical judgment, to support ethical distribution of resources.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: Chelen JSC, White DB, Zaza S . US ventilator allocation and patient triage policies in anticipation of the COVID-19 surge. Health Secur 2021 Sep-Oct;19(5):459-67. doi: 10.1089/hs.2020.0166..
Keywords: COVID-19, Public Health, Emergency Preparedness, Policy
Anderson KE, Shugarman LR, Davenport K
Regulation of provider networks in response to COVID-19.
The authors anticipate that the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic will have 3 main effects on provider networks and their regulation: enrollment changes, changes to the provider landscape, and changes to care delivery. They suggested that telehealth will have a larger role in care delivery than in the pre-pandemic period, and that regulators will need to adapt network standards to accommodate in-person and virtual care delivery.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Anderson KE, Shugarman LR, Davenport K . Regulation of provider networks in response to COVID-19. Am J Manag Care 2021 Apr;27(4):e101-e04. doi: 10.37765/ajmc.2021.88614..
Keywords: Health Insurance, Policy, Access to Care, Healthcare Delivery, COVID-19
Angier H, Garvey B, DeVoe JE. H, Angier H, Garvey B, DeVoe JE. B, DeVoe JE
Focus on families to improve child health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
This article discusses the need for policymakers to develop interventions designed to help entire families during the pandemic because children鈥檚 health is affected by parent health. The authors advocate creating family-centered health care and enable primary care practices and public health programs to help families apply for health insurance coverage. They also discuss work that must be done to address health equity and increasing health and health care disparities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
AHRQ-funded; HS025962.
Citation: Angier H, Garvey B, DeVoe JE. H, Angier H, Garvey B, DeVoe JE. B, DeVoe JE . Focus on families to improve child health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. JAMA Health Forum 2021 Mar;2(3). doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0238..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, COVID-19, Family Health and History, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Policy, Public Health
Valdez RS, Roger CC, Claypool H
Ensuring full participation of people with disabilities in an era of telehealth.
This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks that the widespread use of telehealth resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has on people with disabilities. For some it may result in reduced barriers to care, but for others inadequate attention to the design, implementation, and policy dimensions may be detrimental.
AHRQ-funded; HS023849.
Citation: Valdez RS, Roger CC, Claypool H . Ensuring full participation of people with disabilities in an era of telehealth. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021 Feb 15;28(2):389-92. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa297..
Keywords: Disabilities, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Access to Care, Policy, COVID-19
Huguet N, Schmidt T, Larson A
Prevalence of pre-existing conditions among community health center patients with COVID-19: implications for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
Researchers described the prevalence of pre-existing conditions among community health center patients overall and those with COVID-19 by race/ethnicity. Electronic health record data from OCHIN, a network of 396 community health centers across 14 states, was used. They concluded that since the future of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is uncertain, and since the long-term health effects of COVID-19 are largely unknown, ensuring that people with pre-existing conditions can acquire health insurance is essential to achieving health equity.
AHRQ-funded; HS025962.
Citation: Huguet N, Schmidt T, Larson A . Prevalence of pre-existing conditions among community health center patients with COVID-19: implications for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. J Am Board Fam Med 2021 Feb;34(Suppl):S247-s49. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2021.S1.200571..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), COVID-19, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Policy, Healthcare Delivery
Barry CL, Han H, Presskreischer R
Public support for social safety-net policies for COVID-19 in the United States, April 2020.
Researchers examined public support for health insurance, income support, and unemployment policies during the initial phase of disease transmission and economic distress following the COVID-19 outbreak and assessed varying public support based on beliefs about the role of government. They fielded a nationally representative survey of US adults from April 7-13, 2020. Their results indicate that, during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in early April 2020, most US adults favored a range of safety-net policies to ameliorate its negative health and economic consequences, with public support being the highest among those favoring a stronger governmental role in society.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Barry CL, Han H, Presskreischer R . Public support for social safety-net policies for COVID-19 in the United States, April 2020. Am J Public Health 2020 Dec;110(12):1811-13. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305919..
Keywords: Public Health, Policy, COVID-19
Auger KA, Shah SS, Richardson T
Association between statewide school closure and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the US.
This study examined whether school closures between March and May due to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence and mortality. States were examined in quartiles using the number of cases per 100,000 population. States with the lowest cumulative incidence had the most significant decline (-72%) in cases compared to states with the highest incidence (-49%). States that closed schools earlier had the largest reduction in incidence and mortality.
AHRQ-funded; HS024735, HS026763, HS025138.
Citation: Auger KA, Shah SS, Richardson T . Association between statewide school closure and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the US. JAMA 2020 Sep;324(9):859-70. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.14348..
Keywords: COVID-19, Public Health, Children/Adolescents, Policy, Mortality

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