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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象视频or authored by 大象视频researchers.

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1 to 25 of 279 Research Studies Displayed
Marcotte LM, Wheat CL, Rao M
Evaluating equity in a national virtual care management intervention: delivery and outcomes by race/ethnicity among veterans with hypertension and diabetes.
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the Preventive Health Inventory (PHI), a virtual care management intervention implemented in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), was delivered equitably among racial/ethnic groups. Researchers used data from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse among veterans enrolled in primary care nationally. Their findings suggested that the PHI intervention was deployed equitably across race/ethnicity groups without significantly impacting most existing inequities in hypertension and diabetes.
AHRQ-funded; HS026369.
Citation: Marcotte LM, Wheat CL, Rao M . Evaluating equity in a national virtual care management intervention: delivery and outcomes by race/ethnicity among veterans with hypertension and diabetes. Health Serv Res 2024 Dec; 59(6):e14352. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14352.
Keywords: Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Primary Care, Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Sandal S, Ahn J, Chen Y
Differences in racial and ethnic disparities between first and repeat kidney transplantation.
Research examined racial and ethnic disparities in first-time versus repeat kidney transplantation using United States Renal Data System data from 1995-2018. The study analyzed outcomes for over 2.4 million patients, including White, Black, and Hispanic individuals. The investigation revealed that Black patients experienced greater disparities in accessing repeat transplantation compared to first-time procedures. Hispanic patients faced increased barriers to waitlisting for repeat transplantation versus initial transplants. The findings indicate persistent systemic barriers affecting access to repeat kidney transplantation among racial and ethnic minority groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS024600.
Citation: Sandal S, Ahn J, Chen Y . Differences in racial and ethnic disparities between first and repeat kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2024 Oct; 108(10):2144-52. doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005051..
Keywords: Transplantation, Kidney Disease and Health, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Access to Care
Moon KJ, Linton SL, Kazerouni NJ
Association of economic and racial segregation with restricted buprenorphine dispensing in U.S. community pharmacies.
A nationwide telephone audit investigated buprenorphine dispensing practices at community pharmacies across the United States, examining potential disparities in access to opioid use disorder treatment medication. The study evaluated 858 pharmacies across 473 counties using secret shopper calls to assess prescription filling capabilities. Researchers measured county-level segregation patterns using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes, analyzing racial, ethnic, economic, and combined racial-economic factors. The investigation revealed that pharmacies in areas with high economic deprivation and ethnic segregation demonstrated greater likelihood of restricted buprenorphine dispensing. These dispensing limitations were particularly evident in socially and economically disadvantaged communities.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: Moon KJ, Linton SL, Kazerouni NJ . Association of economic and racial segregation with restricted buprenorphine dispensing in U.S. community pharmacies. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2024 Sep; 12:100255. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100255..
Keywords: Opioids, Medication, Provider: Pharmacist, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Access to Care, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Vulnerable Populations
Abdus S, Selden TM
大象视频Author: Abdus S, Selden TM
Racial and ethnic disparities in attendance to well-child visit recommendations during COVID-19.
The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial and ethnic disparities in attendance to well-child visit recommendations. Researchers used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data to compare pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and pandemic (2020 and 2021) ratios of well-child visits to age-based recommendations as well as 1996-2021 MEPS data to place the pandemic changes within an historical context. The results showed that changes in disparities were large even when controlled for health status, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health insurance, and state of residence; magnitudes of racial and ethnic attendance disparities during the pandemic's first two years were unprecedented since before 1996. The researchers concluded that these findings highlight the need to build a more equitable healthcare system for all children.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Abdus S, Selden TM . Racial and ethnic disparities in attendance to well-child visit recommendations during COVID-19. Acad Pediatr 2024 Aug; 24(6):922-29. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.04.003..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Children/Adolescents, COVID-19
Jacobs J, Labellart P, Margellos-Anast H
Improving Diabetes Equity and Advancing Care (IDEA) to optimize team-based care at a safety-net health system for Black and Latine patients living with diabetes: study protocol for a sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial.
This paper describes a study protocol to randomize interventions for Black/Latine patients living with diabetes. This study will examine the implementation of diabetes self-management training (DSMT), remote glucose monitoring (RGM), and tailored support from a community health worker (CHW) to improve outcomes. This study will aim to (1) evaluate the appropriateness; (2) measure fidelity; and (3) compare the effectiveness of varying the combination and sequence of three interventions. Eligible Black and Latine patients will be recruited using patient lists extracted from an electronic medical record system. After screening and informed consent, patients will be randomized to either DSMT or RGM. After 6 months patients will complete 2 assessments and HbA1c values will be reviewed. Patients then will be categorized as 鈥渞esponders鈥 who have an HbA1c that has improved by at least one percentage point or 鈥渘onresponders鈥. Nonresponders will be randomized to either switch study arms or to work with a CHW. At 6 months the participants will complete the 2 assessments again and their HbA1c values rereviewed. Twelve patient focus groups will be formed, two for each intervention path along with staff interviews.
AHRQ-funded; HS029431.
Citation: Jacobs J, Labellart P, Margellos-Anast H . Improving Diabetes Equity and Advancing Care (IDEA) to optimize team-based care at a safety-net health system for Black and Latine patients living with diabetes: study protocol for a sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial. Trials 2024 Jul 24; 25(1):504. doi: 10.1186/s13063-024-08346-9..
Keywords: Diabetes, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Rivera Rivera JN, AuBuchon KE, Schubel LC
Supporting ColoREctal Equitable Navigation (SCREEN): a protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial for patient navigation in primary care.
This study addresses the higher incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) among Black and Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States. The researchers are conducting a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial to implement and scale a patient navigation program aimed at improving CRC screening rates in these communities. The trial involves 15 primary care clinics, with a phased introduction of the intervention over six steps, each lasting six months. Following an initial six-month baseline data collection period, clinics are randomized to join the intervention arm in groups of three every six months until all clinics have transitioned. The implementation process includes clinic training and education, electronic health record infrastructure changes, stakeholder relationship building, readiness assessment, and ongoing feedback. Guided by the Practical, Robust Implementation Sustainment Model (PRISM), the study focuses on effectiveness, reach, provider adoption, and implementation aspects. The researchers plan to document adaptations to both the patient navigation intervention and implementation strategies. To promote health equity, the study incorporates multilevel stakeholder input through interviews and a community advisory board, influencing various aspects of the project from planning to dissemination. Provider feedback will include updates on disparities in screening orders and completions. The researchers aim to understand how to tailor a patient navigation program for CRC screening across diverse primary care settings with varying baseline screening rates, payor mix, proximity to specialty care, and patient volume.
AHRQ-funded; HS029807.
Citation: Rivera Rivera JN, AuBuchon KE, Schubel LC . Supporting ColoREctal Equitable Navigation (SCREEN): a protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial for patient navigation in primary care. Implement Sci Commun 2024 Jun 3; 5(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00598-5.
Keywords: Cancer: Colorectal Cancer, Screening, Primary Care, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Kasanagottu K, Anderson TS, Trivedi S
Racial and ethnic disparities in opioid prescribing on hospital discharge among older adults: a national retrospective cohort study.
This study looked at racial and ethnic disparities in opioid prescribing among Medicare beneficiaries 64 years and older using opioid prescription claims within 2 days of hospital discharge in 2016. The secondary outcome was total morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) among adults with a filled prescription. Among 316,039 opioid beneficiaries who had not had an opioid fill in the 90 days prior to hospitalization (mean age, 76.8 years; 56.2% female), 49,131 (15.5%) filled an opioid prescription within 2 days of hospital discharge. After adjustment, Black beneficiaries were 6% less likely and Asian/Pacific Islander beneficiaries were 9% more likely to have filled an opioid prescription when compared to White beneficiaries. Among beneficiaries with a filled opioid prescription, mean total MMEs were lower among Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander beneficiaries when compared to White beneficiaries.
AHRQ-funded; R01 HS026215.
Citation: Kasanagottu K, Anderson TS, Trivedi S . Racial and ethnic disparities in opioid prescribing on hospital discharge among older adults: a national retrospective cohort study. J Gen Intern Med 2024 Jun; 39(8):1444-51. doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-08687-w.
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Opioids, Elderly, Hospital Discharge, Disparities, Medication
Virani DA, Szatan A, Oh S
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169814124000465
Identifying systems factors contributing to adverse events in maternal care using incident reports.
To investigate the factors contributing to negative maternal health results and racial/ethnic disparities, researchers examined 550 incident reports from maternity units at a major academic medical center over a two-year period. The analysis, which categorized incidents by race/ethnicity and utilized the SEIPS 2.0 model to code report narratives, revealed that issues related to tasks and organizational factors were most prevalent, accounting for 40% and 30% of incidents respectively. Key problems identified included omissions, inadequate staffing, poor teamwork and coordination, errors in specimen labeling, and issues with hospital protocols. These insights offer valuable information for enhancing system-wide safety measures and developing targeted strategies to promote health equity for women and birthing individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.
AHRQ-funded; HS027680.
Citation: Virani DA, Szatan A, Oh S . Int J Ind Ergon 2024 May; 101:103590. doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103590.
Keywords: Maternal Health, Women, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Adverse Events
Zhang Y, Leifheit KM, Lee KT
The association of oncology provider density with black-white disparities in cancer mortality in US counties.
In an ecological study of 1048 U.S. counties, researchers examined the association between oncology provider density and Black-White cancer mortality disparities. Oncology provider density was estimated using National Plan and Provider Enumeration System data; the cancer mortality ratio was calculated using cancer mortality rates from State Cancer Profiles. The results showed that higher provider density was associated with significantly lower cancer mortality among White persons, but not among Black persons. The researchers concluded that higher density alone may not resolve cancer mortality disparities, and that attention to ensuring equitable care is critical.
AHRQ-funded; HS000046.
Citation: Zhang Y, Leifheit KM, Lee KT . The association of oncology provider density with black-white disparities in cancer mortality in US counties. Cancer Control 2024 Jan-Dec; 31:10732748241244929. doi: 10.1177/10732748241244929..
Keywords: Cancer, Mortality, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Provider
Armstrong-Hough M, Lin P, Venkatesh S
Ethnic disparities in deep sedation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in the United States: secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial.
A recent study reveals that Hispanic patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are five times more likely to be placed under deep sedation compared to non-Hispanic White patients. This disparity was observed across 48 U.S. hospitals participating in a clinical trial. The study also found that hospitals with at least one Hispanic ARDS patient tended to keep all their patients, regardless of ethnicity, in deep sedation for longer durations. These findings highlight a significant disparity in sedation practices and call for urgent investigation into the underlying causes and potential solutions to address this inequity in critical care.
AHRQ-funded; HS028038.
Citation: Armstrong-Hough M, Lin P, Venkatesh S . Ethnic disparities in deep sedation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in the United States: secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024 Apr; 21(4):620-26. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202307-600OC..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Respiratory Conditions
Siddique SM, Tipton K, Leas B
The impact of health care algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities : a systematic review.
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine evidence on the effect of health care algorithms and associated mitigation strategies on racial and ethnic disparities. The authors concluded that algorithms can mitigate, perpetuate, and exacerbate racial and ethnic disparities, but the evidence is heterogeneous. They noted that results are mostly based on modeling studies and may be highly context specific.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00002.
Citation: Siddique SM, Tipton K, Leas B . The impact of health care algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities : a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2024 Apr; 177(4):484-96. doi: 10.7326/m23-2960..
Keywords: Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Marcotte LM, Langevin R, Hempstead BR
Leveraging human-centered design and causal pathway diagramming toward enhanced specification and development of innovative implementation strategies: a case example of an outreach tool to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening.
This study鈥檚 goal was to describe an approach that combines community-engaged methods, human-centered design (HCD) methods, and causal pathway diagramming (CPD) - a tool to map an implementation strategy as it is intended to work - to develop innovative implementation strategies. The authors used a case example of developing a conversational agent or chatbot to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening via mammography. With an interdisciplinary team including community members and operational leaders, they conducted a rapid evidence review and elicited qualitative data through interviews and focus groups using HCD methods to identify and prioritize key determinants (facilitators and barriers) of the evidence-based intervention (breast cancer screening) and the implementation strategy (chatbot). They identified key determinants for breast cancer screening and for the chatbot implementation strategy. They found that mistrust was a key barrier to both completing breast cancer screening and using the chatbot. They focused design for the initial chatbot interaction to engender trust and developed a CPD to guide chatbot development. They used the persuasive health message framework and conceptual frameworks about trust from marketing and artificial intelligence disciplines. They developed a CPD for the initial interaction with the chatbot with engagement as a mechanism to use and trust as a proximal outcome leading to further engagement with the chatbot.
AHRQ-funded; HS026369.
Citation: Marcotte LM, Langevin R, Hempstead BR . Leveraging human-centered design and causal pathway diagramming toward enhanced specification and development of innovative implementation strategies: a case example of an outreach tool to address racial inequities in breast cancer screening. Implement Sci Commun 2024 Mar 28; 5(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00569-w..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Cancer: Breast Cancer, Cancer, Screening, Disparities
Parikh K, Hall M, Tieder JS
Disparities in racial, ethnic, and payer groups for pediatric safety events in US hospitals.
A retrospective cohort study using the 2019 Kids' Inpatient Database found disparities in pediatric safety events. Black and Hispanic children had significantly higher odds in 5 of 7 safety indicators compared to white children, especially in postoperative sepsis and respiratory failure. Medicaid-covered children also showed higher odds in 4 of 7 indicators compared to privately insured children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to enhance hospital patient safety, particularly among minority and Medicaid-covered populations.
AHRQ-funded; HS028484.
Citation: Parikh K, Hall M, Tieder JS . Disparities in racial, ethnic, and payer groups for pediatric safety events in US hospitals. Pediatrics 2024 Mar; 153(3):e2023063714. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-063714.
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Children/Adolescents, Patient Safety, Hospitals
Patel MD, Lin P, Cheng Q
Patient sex, racial and ethnic disparities in emergency department triage: a multi-site retrospective study.
The purpose of this multi-site retrospective study was to assess differences in the assignment of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) by patient sex and race/ethnicity, factoring in age, clinical factors, and ED operating conditions. The study assessed differences in the assignment of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) by patient sex and race/ethnicity, accounting for age, clinical factors, and ED operating conditions. For the study outcome, ESI levels were grouped into three categories: 1-2 (highest acuity), 3, and 4-5 (lowest acuity). The researchers analyzed patient-level data from three EDs affiliated with a large Southeastern United States health system. The study found 186,840 eligible ED visits with 56,417 from an academic ED, 69,698 from a metropolitan community ED, and 60,725 from a rural community ED. The majority of patients were assigned ESI 3 in the academic and metropolitan community EDs (61% and 62%, respectively) whereas 47% were assigned ESI 3 in the rural community ED. In adjusted analyses, White females had a lower likelihood of being assigned ESI 1-2 compared to White males although both groups were roughly comparable in the assignment of ESI 4-5. Non-White and Hispanic females were generally least likely to be assigned ESI 1-2 in all EDs. Interactions between ED wait time and race/ethnicity-sex were not statistically significant.
AHRQ-funded; HS029078.
Citation: Patel MD, Lin P, Cheng Q . Patient sex, racial and ethnic disparities in emergency department triage: a multi-site retrospective study. Am J Emerg Med 2024 Feb; 76:29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.11.008..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Jindal M, Barnert E, Chomilo N
大象视频Author: Mistry KB
Policy solutions to eliminate racial and ethnic child health disparities in the USA.
This partly AHRQ-authored paper is part of a series on Racism and Child Health in the USA, which builds on Paper 1's summary of existing disparities in health-care delivery and highlights policies within multiple sectors that can be modified and supported to improve health equity, and, in so doing, improves the health of racially and ethnically minoritized children. The authors discuss current and historical policy approaches across housing, employment, health insurance, immigration, and criminal which have the potential to affect child health equity. They commented that these policies must be considered with a focus on structural racism to understand which have the potential to eliminate or at least attenuate disparities. If these policy efforts do not directly address structural racism, they will not achieve equity and instead worsen gaps and existing disparities in access and quality-thereby continuing to perpetuate a two-tier system dictated by racism.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Jindal M, Barnert E, Chomilo N . Policy solutions to eliminate racial and ethnic child health disparities in the USA. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2024 Feb; 8(2):159-74. doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00262-6..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Policy
Teeple S, Smith A, Toerper M
Exploring the impact of missingness on racial disparities in predictive performance of a machine learning model for emergency department triage.
The purpose of this study was to examine how missing data in the patient problem list may affect racial disparities in the predictive performance of an emergency department (ED) triage machine learning (ML) model. The researchers utilized an ML model that predicts patients鈥 risk for adverse events to produce triage-level recommendations and compared the model鈥檚 predictive performance on sets of observed versus manipulated test data. Differences were compared between Black and non-Hispanic White patient groups using multiple performance measures relevant to health equity. The study found there were modest, but significant, changes in predictive performance comparing the observed to manipulated models across both Black and non-Hispanic White patient groups. Problem list missingness affected model performance for both patient groups.
AHRQ-funded; HS02664002.
Citation: Teeple S, Smith A, Toerper M . Exploring the impact of missingness on racial disparities in predictive performance of a machine learning model for emergency department triage. JAMIA Open 2023 Dec; 6(4):ooad107. doi: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad107..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Emergency Department, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Chin MH, Afsar-Manesh N, Bierman AS
大象视频Author: Bierman AS, Chang C, Jain A, Umscheid C
Guiding principles to address the impact of algorithm bias on racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care.
A panel of experts was convened by 大象视频and the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities to provide a conceptual framework and guiding principles for preventing bias in health care algorithms to promote health care equity. Multiple stakeholders can mitigate bias at each phase of the algorithm life cycle. Five principles should guide these efforts: promoting health and health care equity during all phases of the algorithm life cycle; ensuring algorithm use is transparent and explainable; engaging patients and communities during all phases of the algorithm life cycle to earn trustworthiness; identifying algorithmic fairness issues and establishing accountability for equity and fairness in outcomes from health care algorithms.
AHRQ-authored; AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Chin MH, Afsar-Manesh N, Bierman AS . Guiding principles to address the impact of algorithm bias on racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care. JAMA Netw Open 2023 Dec; 6(12):e2345050. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45050..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities
Matthews LJ, Damberg CL, Zhang S LJ, Damberg CL, Zhang S
Within-physician differences in patient sharing between primary care physicians and cardiologists who treat white and black patients with heart disease.
Using Medicare fee-for-service files, researchers mapped physician networks for Medicare patients and examined Black-White differences in patient sharing between primary care physicians and cardiologists. The results indicated that primary care physicians shared Black patients with more cardiologists than White patients; Black patient-sharing networks were less tightly connected in all but office settings. The researchers concluded that Black-White differences in patient sharing may contribute to disparities in cardiac care.
AHRQ-funded; HS024067.
Citation: Matthews LJ, Damberg CL, Zhang S LJ, Damberg CL, Zhang S . Within-physician differences in patient sharing between primary care physicians and cardiologists who treat white and black patients with heart disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2023 Nov 21; 12(22):e030653. doi: 10.1161/jaha.123.030653..
Keywords: Primary Care, Heart Disease and Health, Cardiovascular Conditions, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Provider: Physician, Medicare
Akintunde T, Howard J, Wilson D
Racial and ethnic disparities in long-term contraception use among the birthing population at an academic hospital in the Southeastern United States.
This paper discusses racial and ethnic disparities in long-term contraception among the birthing population at an academic hospital in the Southeastern US. The authors used data from 5011 patients who delivered at a large academic hospital to determine the effect of race/ethnicity and social vulnerability index (SVI) on the odds of undergoing a long-term contraceptive procedure. SVI substantially affects the odds of long-term contraception for non-Hispanic White women and birthing people. In contrast, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black women and birthing people have significantly higher odds of undergoing a long-term contraceptive procedure. These disparities may be attributed to factors including healthcare providers, organizational and external policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS027680.
Citation: Akintunde T, Howard J, Wilson D . Racial and ethnic disparities in long-term contraception use among the birthing population at an academic hospital in the Southeastern United States. Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet 2023 Sep; 67(1):609-13. doi: 10.1177/21695067231192873..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Maternal Health, Women
Kim D, Swaminathan S, Lee Y
Racial and ethnic disparities in excess deaths after COVID-19 vaccine deployment among persons with kidney failure.
COVID-19 resulted in clear racial/ethnic disparities in excess deaths among persons with kidney failure. It is not clear whether or how these disparities changed throughout the pandemic, especially after the deployment of COVID-19 vaccines. The purpose of this study was to examine disparities in excess mortality for the Medicare population with kidney failure from March 2020, through December 2021. The study found that there were 686,719 patients with kidney failure in January 2020. Researchers reported an increase in excess deaths beginning March 1, 2020, with a peak in January 2021. From March 1, 2020, through January 30, 2021, and there were substantial disparities in excess deaths across racial/ethnic groups. The number of excess deaths was 5582, 4303, and 2679 for non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients, respectively. The percent excess deaths was 31.9% for Hispanic patients, 27.5% for non-Hispanic Black patients, and 16.4% for non-Hispanic White patients. After the wide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines since the end of January 2021, the lowest percent excess deaths was observed among Hispanic patients, followed by Black patients, and White patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS028285.
Citation: Kim D, Swaminathan S, Lee Y . Racial and ethnic disparities in excess deaths after COVID-19 vaccine deployment among persons with kidney failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023 Sep; 18(9):1207-09. doi: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000226..
Keywords: COVID-19, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Vaccination, Kidney Disease and Health, Mortality
Cheng TL, Mistry KB
大象视频Author: Mistry KB
Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how.
This purpose of this article was to explain a comprehensive framework of health disparities descriptors that can offer a systematic approach to advance the understanding of causes of health disparities and facilitate action steps to ensure health equity.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Cheng TL, Mistry KB . Clarity on disparity: who, what, when, where, why, and how. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023 Aug; 70(4):639-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.03.003..
Keywords: Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Newborns/Infants, Mortality, Health Status, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Access to Care
Bonner SN, Powell CA, Stewart JW
Surgical care for racial and ethnic minorities and interventions to address inequities: a narrative review.
The purpose of this review was to explore effective interventions to reduce inequities and identify gaps in intervention-based research with a goal of increasing awareness of surgeons, surgical trainees, researchers, and policy makers of the evidence-based interventions known to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in surgical care for prioritization of resource allocation and implementation. The researchers reviewed the PubMed database for English-language studies published from January 2012 through June 2022 to evaluate interventions to reduce or eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in surgical care. A narrative review of literature was conducted identifying interventions that have been related with reduction in racial and ethnic disparities in surgical care. The study found that attaining surgical equity will necessitate implementing evidence-based interventions to improve quality for racial and ethnic minorities, prioritizing funding for intervention-based research, utilizing implementation science and community based-participatory research methods, and principles of learning health systems.
AHRQ-funded; HS026030.
Citation: Bonner SN, Powell CA, Stewart JW . Surgical care for racial and ethnic minorities and interventions to address inequities: a narrative review. Ann Surg 2023 Aug 1; 278(2):184-92. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005858..
Keywords: Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Surgery
Olfson M, Zuvekas SH, McClellan C
大象视频Author: Zuvekas SH, McClellan C
Racial-ethnic disparities in outpatient mental health care in the United States.
Using data from the 2018-19 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, researchers compared national rates and patterns of use for outpatient mental health care among Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White individuals. Analyses focused on individuals using psychotropic medications, psychotherapy, or both, and receipt of minimally adequate mental health care. The results showed that the rate of outpatient mental health service use was more than twice as high for White individuals, and that Black and Hispanic patients were significantly less likely to receive psychotropic medications; Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to receive psychotherapy. No significant differences were found in patients who received minimally adequate treatment for depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or disruptive behavior disorders. The authors concluded that achieving racial-ethnic equity will require dedicated efforts to promote greater mental health service access for Black and Hispanic persons in need.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Olfson M, Zuvekas SH, McClellan C . Racial-ethnic disparities in outpatient mental health care in the United States. Psychiatr Serv 2023 Jul; 74(7):674-83. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.20220365..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Disparities, Behavioral Health, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Weiner SG, Lo YC, Carroll AD
The incidence and disparities in use of stigmatizing language in clinical notes for patients with substance use disorder.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of stigmatizing language in clinical notes related to patients with substance use disorders and to detect patient- and provider-level differences. Results showed that the majority of patients with substance-related diagnoses had at least one note containing stigmatizing language. There were also several patient characteristic disparities associated with patients who had stigmatizing language in their notes. The author concluded that more clinician interventions about use of stigmatizing language are needed.
AHRQ-funded; HS026753.
Citation: Weiner SG, Lo YC, Carroll AD . The incidence and disparities in use of stigmatizing language in clinical notes for patients with substance use disorder. J Addict Med 2023 Jul-Aug; 17(4):424-30. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001145..
Keywords: Disparities, Cultural Competence, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Blebu BE, Liu PY, Harrington M
Implementation of cross-sector partnerships: a description of implementation factors related to addressing social determinants to reduce racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes.
The purpose of this mixed methods design study was to integrate the perspectives of healthcare staff and community-based partner organizations to describe the implementation of a cross-sector partnership developed for the purpose of addressing social and structural determinants in pregnancy. The researchers utilized in-depth interviews and social network analysis to incorporate the perspectives of healthcare clinicians and staff with the views of community-based partner organizations to identify implementation factors related to cross-sector partnerships. The study identified 7 implementation variables related to 3 themes: strengths of a network approach to cross-sector collaboration, relationship-centered care, and barriers and facilitators of cross-sector partnerships. The study results highlighted establishing relationships between healthcare staff, patients, and community-based partner organizations.
AHRQ-funded; HS026407.
Citation: Blebu BE, Liu PY, Harrington M . Implementation of cross-sector partnerships: a description of implementation factors related to addressing social determinants to reduce racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes. Front Public Health 2023 Jun 16; 11:1106740. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106740..
Keywords: Social Determinants of Health, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Maternal Health, Women, Implementation

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