Exhibit 10. Facilitating Communication Among Patients, Family Members, and the Care Team

Description	Who is involved	Outcomes measured
Understanding which staff members are involved in the patient's care^180-182
Structural changes, such as using whiteboards in patient rooms to identify nursing staff or provide written information on who is on the patient's health care team	Nurses, patients, families	Use of whiteboard found positive impacts on patient's perceptions of nursing behaviors.¹⁸⁰
Facilitating communication with physicians^183-185
Pre-visit coaching of patients to help them generate concerns or questions to ask physician	Coach, patient	Compared with controls, intervention physicians received higher ratings of their communication style and exhibited more patient-centered communication behaviors.¹⁸³ Intervention patients obtained more information per question and exhibited greater involvement during the visit than controls.¹⁸³ Intervention intensity had a clear relationship to improvements in physicians' behaviors; the relationship was less pronounced with patients.¹⁸³
Using shared care plans / daily goals sheets^186-187
Shared care and daily care plans—engaging patients and family members in plans typically used by providers	Patient, nurse, physician	This literature review did not find outcomes assessed with this strategy.

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