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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象视频or authored by 大象视频researchers.

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1 to 25 of 13230 Research Studies Displayed
Reedy J, Thompson T, Begum A
Challenges of managing pediatric polypharmacy in a pediatric complex care program: a qualitative pilot study.
This study assessed the results of an intervention to comprehensively manage pediatric polypharmacy. The authors conducted the intervention at a large outpatient pediatric complex care program for children with medical complexity (CMC). They sought to understand 1) how pediatric polypharmacy is managed by a multidisciplinary team, 2) associated challenges, and 3) opportunities for improvement. They interviewed 16 clinicians representing prescribing (n=9) and non-prescribing (n=7) clinicians. Three overarching themes emerged from these interviews: 1) pediatric polypharmacy poses unique safety risks for CMC; 2) polypharmacy management requires careful collaboration between distinct clinical roles to accomplish numerous medication-related tasks; and 3) multiple prescribers across subspecialties complicates polypharmacy management, including challenges in identifying responsibility for certain medications.
AHRQ-funded; HS028979.
Citation: Reedy J, Thompson T, Begum A . Challenges of managing pediatric polypharmacy in a pediatric complex care program: a qualitative pilot study. J Am Pharm Assoc 2025 Jul-Aug; 65(4):102391. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2025.102391..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Medication, Chronic Conditions, Medication: Safety, Patient Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Adverse Events
Zhan C, Liu L, Simpson M
大象视频Author: Zhan C, Liu L, Simpson M
Estimating primary care spending in the United States: toward a common method.
The study鈥檚 objective was to explore consistent approaches to estimating primary care spending. A recently developed framework for primary care services was applied to the datasets MEPS and MarketScan to estimate primary care spending per-person-per-year (PPPY) and as a percentage of total health care spending (PTHS) covering 2010-2021. In 2019 the average primary care spending was $504 PPPY, accounting for 8.07% PTHS, based on MEPS, and $378 PPPY, accounting for 6.30% PTHS, based on MarketScan. There were steady increases between 2010 and 2021 in PPPY primary care spending (from $309 to $639 based on MEPS and from $343 to $433 based on MarketScan), but only small fluctuations in PHTS primary care spending (between 6% and 9%). They identified misalignments between the definitions and the data, and standard errors for the estimates were calculated.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Zhan C, Liu L, Simpson M . Estimating primary care spending in the United States: toward a common method. Med Care 2025 Jul; 63(7):514-19. doi: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000002155..
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Primary Care, Healthcare Costs
Ayers DC, Zheng H, Yang W
The Chitranjan S. Ranawat Award: Factors that predict outcome five years following total knee arthroplasty.
The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predict pain and functional outcomes five years after total knee replacement surgery. Researchers analyzed data from 3,688 patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty across multiple centers. They identified several independent predictors of pain outcomes at the five-year mark, including age, insurance status, race, comorbidity index, back pain, other painful joints, mental health status, and baseline pain scores. For functional outcomes, similar factors were significant, with additional influence from body mass index and physical health status. The researchers note that many identified factors are potentially modifiable, particularly musculoskeletal comorbidities, which could be addressed through preoperative optimization programs. These findings can guide surgeons and patients during shared decision-making conversations and help establish realistic expectations before surgery.
AHRQ-funded; HS018910.
Citation: Ayers DC, Zheng H, Yang W . The Chitranjan S. Ranawat Award: Factors that predict outcome five years following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2025 Jul; 40(7S1):S12-S19. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.03.006..
Keywords: Orthopedics, Surgery, Outcomes, Arthritis, Pain
Soman DA, Koscelny SN, Nevens D
Using patient journey mapping and provider workflows to understand process barriers to pediatric mental and behavioral health care in emergency departments.
This mixed-method, multiple case study explored aspects of pediatric mental and behavioral (MBH) health patients' journey to identify process barriers to MBH care in emergency departments. Barriers identified were related to the "medical and psychiatric evaluations" and "disposition and treatment plan" segments of the patient journey, suggesting points for intervention.
AHRQ-funded; HS029109.
Citation: Soman DA, Koscelny SN, Nevens D . Using patient journey mapping and provider workflows to understand process barriers to pediatric mental and behavioral health care in emergency departments. Appl Ergon 2025 Jul; 126:104512. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104512.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Behavioral Health, Emergency Department, Workflow
Asher GN, Viswanathan M, Takyi A
Screening for syphilis infection during pregnancy: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The purpose of this evidence report was to conduct an update of the existing available evidence for the benefits and harms of screening and harms of treatment of syphilis during pregnancy. An analytic framework guided the update, and a literature was conducted between January 1, 2017 and July 25, 2023. Two researchers independently screened articles and abstracts and provided study quality ratings by applying predefined criteria. The researchers found no new studies addressing the effectiveness of screening to reduce congenital syphilis or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Five new studies addressed the harms of screening, and 2 studies addressed the harms of treatment. Although screening and early treatment for syphilis in pregnancy decreases adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, optimal screening algorithms have not been identified.
AHRQ-funded; 75Q80120D00007.
Citation: Asher GN, Viswanathan M, Takyi A . Screening for syphilis infection during pregnancy: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2025 Jun 10; 333(22):2015-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.1179..
Keywords: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Maternal Health, Screening, Women, Prevention, Evidence-Based Practice, Guidelines, Infectious Diseases
Baghdadi JD, Goodman KE, Magder LS
Association between delayed broad-spectrum gram-negative antibiotics and clinical outcomes: how much does getting it right with empiric antibiotics matter?
The purpose of this study was to examine whether delaying broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy affects patient outcomes. Researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adult inpatients from 928 US hospitals, comparing those who received initial narrow-spectrum antibiotics later escalated to broad-spectrum treatment against those who received broad-spectrum antibiotics from the start. After matching 67,046 patients from each approach, analysis revealed the delayed broad-spectrum therapy group had lower mortality (8.7% vs 9.5%), fewer readmissions (10.5% vs 11.8%), but more adverse drug events (8.4% vs 7.2%). Overall, clinical outcomes were slightly better with the delayed approach. These findings challenge the widespread belief that starting with broad-spectrum antibiotics is always safer, suggesting that a more targeted initial approach may not compromise patient care and could potentially improve outcomes in many cases.
AHRQ-funded; HS028854.
Citation: Baghdadi JD, Goodman KE, Magder LS . Association between delayed broad-spectrum gram-negative antibiotics and clinical outcomes: how much does getting it right with empiric antibiotics matter? Clin Infect Dis 2025 Jun 4; 80(5):949-58. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf039..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medication
Scott Wang HH, Hatoun J, Xu J
Adherence to urologic imaging guidelines after febrile urinary tract infection in infants.
This study investigated practice pattern variability and associated factors in pediatric febrile UTI (fUTI) imaging in primary care clinics. In 2011 the American Academy of Pediatrics created guidelines which recommended renal bladder ultrasound (RBUS) after fUTI and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) after abnormal RBUS or second fUTI. Overall, post-UTI imaging was adherent to the AAP guideline in 82 cases. Significant predictors of guideline adherence were commercial insurance, more providers in the practice, and younger provider age after adjusting for patient's age, sex, maximal temperature during fUTI.
AHRQ-funded; HS029526.
Citation: Scott Wang HH, Hatoun J, Xu J . Adherence to urologic imaging guidelines after febrile urinary tract infection in infants. J Pediatr Urol 2025 Jun; 21(3):700-05. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.024..
Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Imaging, Guidelines
Young RA, Blair S, Teigen K
Ambulatory medication safety events in high-risk patients with diabetes before and after a COVID-19 clinic slowdown.
This study鈥檚 objective was to assess possible changes in medication safety over the mandatory pre-/post- COVID-19 clinic slowdown in a high-risk population of patients with diabetes seen at a safety net clinic. A retrospective chart review of all patient encounters 1 year before and after the slowdown was conducted. The study cohort were all patients with poorly controlled diabetes established pre-COVID who were prescribed 4+ medications. The high-risk cohort consisted of 59 patients out of 762 total patients with diabetes. There were a similar number of patient encounters, cancellations and no-shows pre- and post-pandemic. There was no change in the number of prescribed medications pre-/post-slowdown, but more potential adverse medication events. Of all abstracted medication-related problems, the majority were in diabetic medications (73.1%), and of those, most involved insulin (75.4%). Over the 2-year period there were 11 preventable adverse drug events, all involved insulin, and were often affected by patient work system challenges such as self-administration and timing.
AHRQ-funded; HS027277.
Citation: Young RA, Blair S, Teigen K . Ambulatory medication safety events in high-risk patients with diabetes before and after a COVID-19 clinic slowdown. J Patient Saf 2025 Jun 1; 21(4):240-45. doi: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001352..
Keywords: Medication: Safety, Medication, Patient Safety, Diabetes, COVID-19, Ambulatory Care and Surgery
Chatham AH, Bradley ED, Troiani V
Automating the addiction behaviors checklist for problematic opioid use identification.
The purpose of this study was to develop an automated method for identifying problematic opioid use in chronic pain patients using natural language processing. The team automated the Addiction Behaviors Checklist using regular expressions to analyze electronic health records, comparing this approach against manual record review and diagnostic codes. The automated method significantly outperformed traditional diagnostic code approaches at both study sites. Similarly, the automated approach showed superior performance in area under the curve metrics. This technique offers potential for earlier identification of patients experiencing or at risk for problematic opioid use, creating new opportunities for studying long-term effects of opioid pain management.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Chatham AH, Bradley ED, Troiani V . Automating the addiction behaviors checklist for problematic opioid use identification. JAMA Psychiatry 2025 Jun; 82(6):591-98. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0424..
Keywords: Opioids, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Pain, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Meiselbach MK, Eisenberg MD
Banding together to lower the cost of health care? An empirical study of the Peak Health Alliance in Colorado.
This paper evaluated the effectiveness of Peak Health Alliance, a public鈥損rivate initiative in Colorado. The results of an analysis of plan data comparing changes in premiums suggested that Peak Health was associated with an increase in insurer market power and led to a decrease in average premiums.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Meiselbach MK, Eisenberg MD . Banding together to lower the cost of health care? An empirical study of the Peak Health Alliance in Colorado. J Risk Insur 2025 Jun; 92(2):472-504..
Keywords: Healthcare Costs
Eaton TL, Danesh V, Jones AC
Clinician and patient responses to US health insurers' policies: a qualitative study of higher risk patients.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how health insurance policies affect care for patients recovering from critical illness. Researchers conducted a qualitative analysis of 33 telemedicine ICU recovery clinic visit transcripts from 19 patients who had experienced septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Data collected between 2019 and 2021 revealed that one-third of patients mentioned insurance-related issues during clinical encounters. Major structural barriers to recovery included high out-of-pocket costs, complex insurance systems, and limited health insurance literacy. In response to these challenges, patients often modified their care plans by not adhering to prescribed medications and treatments or developing potentially unsafe workarounds. The researchers concluded that health insurance complexity and costs significantly compromise quality of care for ICU survivors.
AHRQ-funded; HS026122.
Citation: Eaton TL, Danesh V, Jones AC . Clinician and patient responses to US health insurers' policies: a qualitative study of higher risk patients. Health Serv Res 2025 Jun; 60(3):e14615. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14615..
Keywords: Health Insurance, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care
Mueller SK, Kelly C, Singleton S
Development of a tool to measure Potentially Inappropriate Inter-Hospital Transfer (IHT): The POINT Study.
This paper reported the development of an adjunct tool to capture potentially inappropriate inter-hospital transfers (IHTs) using results from the first 2 years of the POINT (Identification and Prevention of Potentially Inappropriate Inter-Hospital Transfers) Study. The results of this work will lead to a better understanding of the prevalence, risk factors, and patient safety impact of potentially inappropriate IHTs.
AHRQ-funded; HS028621.
Citation: Mueller SK, Kelly C, Singleton S . Development of a tool to measure Potentially Inappropriate Inter-Hospital Transfer (IHT): The POINT Study. J Gen Intern Med 2025 Jun; 40(8):1917-23. doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-09221-8..
Keywords: Hospitals, Patient Safety
Roberts ET, Bansback N, Tseng CW
Drivers of infliximab biosimilar uptake: a comparative analysis of new biosimilar initiations versus switching in a national rheumatology registry.
This objective of this study was to analyze the variability in new infliximab biosimilar medication starts as well as switching from bio-originator to biosimilar infliximab, across insurance payers and rheumatology practices nationally. The researchers found 21.8% of infliximab users had ever used a biosimilar and use did not differ significantly by demographic or clinical characteristics. In 2022, uptake among new users was higher among those with Medicaid (55%) and private insurance (51%) compared to Medicare (36%). Few prevalent bio-originator infliximab users switched to a biosimilar, and switching was lowest among Medicare beneficiaries. Practice level differences explained 37% of variation among new biosimilar starts and 34% of variation among those switching to a biosimilar.
AHRQ-funded; HS028024.
Citation: Roberts ET, Bansback N, Tseng CW . Drivers of infliximab biosimilar uptake: a comparative analysis of new biosimilar initiations versus switching in a national rheumatology registry. Health Serv Res 2025 Jun; 60(3):e14410. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14410..
Keywords: Medication, Health Insurance, Medicaid
S谩nchez-D铆az CT, Fejerman L, Peterson C
Ethnic enclaves, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and obesity among Hispanic women in Chicago: a latent profile analysis approach.
This study鈥檚 aim was to identify neighborhood profiles based on ethnic enclaves and socioeconomic status to evaluate the association with obesity among Hispanic women in the metropolitan Chicago region. The researchers used a convenience sample of 24,884 Hispanic women over age 40 who obtained breast imaging from the largest healthcare organization in Chicago between 2010 and 2017. They conducted latent profile analysis (LPA) to characterize neighborhood composition based on tract indicators of ethnic enclaves, disadvantage, and affluence. The LPA model identified four latent profiles, based on their most significant characteristic as 鈥渕iddling,鈥, "disadvantage" "ethnic enclaves," and "affluent". They found that close to 50% of women in the disadvantage profile were obese and obese class II. Women in the disadvantage profile had the highest relative risk of being obese II (OR: 2.74), compared to women in the middling profile. Women in the ethnic enclave and affluent profiles were positively and negatively associated with obesity, respectively.
AHRQ-funded; HS018366.
Citation: S谩nchez-D铆az CT, Fejerman L, Peterson C . Ethnic enclaves, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and obesity among Hispanic women in Chicago: a latent profile analysis approach. Cancer Causes Control 2025 Jun; 36(6):567-75. doi: 10.1007/s10552-024-01952-7..
Keywords: Obesity, Women, Social Determinants of Health
Cho Y, Hwang M, Gong Y
Factors associated with perceived medication safety during transitions of care in patients with cancer: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate cancer patients' perceptions of medication safety during care transitions and identify factors influencing these perceptions. Researchers conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 183 patients with colorectal, lung, prostate, or breast cancer. The analysis revealed several significant factors associated with higher perceived medication safety: better medication self-management ability, feeling safer when communicating with healthcare providers, having fewer concerns about medications, and younger age. The final statistical model explained 43% of the variance in perceived medication safety. These findings highlight the importance of effective patient-provider communication and supporting patients' medication self-management skills, with particular attention needed for older adults who may require additional assistance during care transitions to enhance their medication safety perceptions.
AHRQ-funded; HS027846.
Citation: Cho Y, Hwang M, Gong Y . Factors associated with perceived medication safety during transitions of care in patients with cancer: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2025 Jun; 76:102857. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2025.102857..
Keywords: Medication: Safety, Medication, Patient Safety, Transitions of Care, Cancer
Abraham C, Gilkey MB, Walsh KE
Factors associated with repeat pediatric influenza vaccination among inconsistent vaccinators.
The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with repeat influenza vaccination among children who previously received vaccines inconsistently. Researchers surveyed parents of commercially insured children aged 3-19 years in 2022. Among 317 respondents, 85% reported their child received a flu vaccine in the 2021-2022 season. For these parents, concern about their child contracting flu was cited as the primary motivation for vaccination by 61%. Notably, parents who previously vaccinated due to school or daycare requirements were less likely to pursue repeat vaccination. The research indicates educational institutions' policies may enhance vaccination rates among families with inconsistent vaccination histories.
AHRQ-funded; HS000063.
Citation: Abraham C, Gilkey MB, Walsh KE . Factors associated with repeat pediatric influenza vaccination among inconsistent vaccinators. Clin Pediatr 2025 Jun; 64(5):681-94. doi: 10.1177/00099228241286970..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Vaccination, Influenza, Respiratory Conditions
Feldman AG, Beaty BL, Cetin BS
Have live viral vaccine practices among the pediatric liver transplant community changed? A survey study of pediatric liver transplant centers across the United States.
The objective of this study was to understand use of current live viral vaccines (LVV) among pediatric liver transplant centers. An email survey on pre- and post-transplant LVV practices was distributed to representatives from centers participating in the Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT). Results showed that the majority of centers recommended LVVs for select transplant recipients but faced barriers in vaccinating all nonimmune eligible patients.
AHRQ-funded.
Citation: Feldman AG, Beaty BL, Cetin BS . Have live viral vaccine practices among the pediatric liver transplant community changed? A survey study of pediatric liver transplant centers across the United States. Pediatr Transplant 2025 Jun; 29(4):e70100. doi: 10.1111/petr.70100..
Keywords: Vaccination, Children/Adolescents, Transplantation
Wagner L, Foster T, Bonnet K
Identifying the unique determinants influencing rural families' engagement with an existing tele-assessment approach for autism identification: a qualitative study.
This study鈥檚 goal was to understand how rural families view tele-assessment as a method for autism identification. The authors held focus groups with caregivers of children with autism and local service providers in the Southeastern U.S. They met with 22 caregivers and 10 providers. They analyzed the discussions and found four key attitudes: (1) questions about whether autism assessment can really be done online; (2) level of trust in the evaluation process, especially tele-assessment; (3) beliefs about whether tele-assessment is practical for families; and (4) worries about privacy. They concluded that there is a need to improve tele-assessment by better supporting everyone involved at different stages of the tele-assessment process. It also highlighted important areas for improvement to provide fair access to tele-assessment for rural families.
AHRQ-funded; HS026395.
Citation: Wagner L, Foster T, Bonnet K . Identifying the unique determinants influencing rural families' engagement with an existing tele-assessment approach for autism identification: a qualitative study. Autism 2025 Jun; 29(6):1458-68. doi: 10.1177/13623613241307078..
Keywords: Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Rural Health, Access to Care
Hamilton LK, Lapham GT, Day A
Improving alcohol-related care in small-medium primary care practices: an evaluation of an adaptation of the SPARC trial intervention for small-medium sized practices.
The Michigan Sustained Patient-centered Alcohol-Related Care (MI-SPARC) study tested an adaptation of the original SPARC trial to increase identification and treatment of unhealthy alcohol use. Results showed that, despite adaptions for smaller primary care practices and screening improvements, MI-SPARC did not increase brief intervention and AUD medication treatment. The researchers concluded that this reflected a mismatch between intervention complexity and implementation infrastructure in primary care practices.
AHRQ-funded; HS027076.
Citation: Hamilton LK, Lapham GT, Day A . Improving alcohol-related care in small-medium primary care practices: an evaluation of an adaptation of the SPARC trial intervention for small-medium sized practices. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2025 Jun; 173:209697. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2025.209697..
Keywords: Alcohol Use, Primary Care, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Ghosh K, Beaulieu ND, Dalton M
Integrated health systems and medical care quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of this study was to examine differences between patients treated in and outside of integrated systems of care during the COVID pandemic. Results indicated that health systems were associated with reduced deaths and adverse medical events, although this reduction appeared unrelated to use of primary care.
AHRQ-funded; HS024072.
Citation: Ghosh K, Beaulieu ND, Dalton M . Integrated health systems and medical care quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Serv Res 2025 Jun; 60(3):e14433. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14433..
Keywords: COVID-19, Quality of Care, Healthcare Delivery, Primary Care, Health Systems
Ebby CG, Tse G, Bethel J
Large language models to summarize pediatric admission notes into plain聽language.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate GPT-4's ability to convert complex pediatric admission notes into plain language summaries accessible to caregivers. Researchers recruited 16 pediatric hospitalists to create 20 synthetic admission notes representing common pediatric diagnoses. Both GPT-4 and hospitalists generated summaries following identical prompts, which were then evaluated for accuracy, readability, and understandability. GPT-4 summaries demonstrated significantly better readability scores than hospitalist-generated summaries. However, GPT-4 summaries scored lower in release readiness, requiring more editing before patient use. No significant differences were found in completeness, error rates, hallucination, or structure. Parent-assessed understandability was similar between GPT-4 and hospitalist summaries, with both falling below the 70% understandability threshold. These findings suggest LLMs have potential for drafting patient-friendly summaries of medical documentation, though clinician review remains essential before sharing with patients or caregivers.
AHRQ-funded; HS027214.
Citation: Ebby CG, Tse G, Bethel J . Large language models to summarize pediatric admission notes into plain聽language. Pediatrics 2025 Jun; 155(6):e2024069515. doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-069515..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Health Information Technology (HIT)
Yin Y, Shao Y, Ma P
Machine-learned codes from EHR data predict hard outcomes better than human-assigned ICD codes.
This study used machine learning (ML) to characterize 894,154 medical records of outpatient visits from the Veterans Administration Central Data Warehouse (VA CDW) by the likelihood of assignment of 200 International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code blocks. Using four different predictive models, the researchers found the ML-derived predictions for the code blocks were consistently more effective in predicting death or 90-day rehospitalization than the assigned code block in the record. They reviewed records of ICD chapter assignments. They found that the ML-predicted chapter assignments were consistently better than those humanly assigned. Impact factor analysis demonstrated little effect on any one assigned ICD code block but a marked impact on the ML-derived code blocks of kidney disease as well as several other morbidities.
AHRQ-funded; HS028450.
Citation: Yin Y, Shao Y, Ma P . Machine-learned codes from EHR data predict hard outcomes better than human-assigned ICD codes. Mach Learn Knowl Extr 2025 Jun; 7(2):36. doi: 10.3390/make7020036..
Keywords: Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Outcomes
Haregu F, Dixon RJ, McCulloch M
Machine learning for predicting waitlist mortality in pediatric heart transplantation.
The authors utilized machine learning (ML) to identify factors associated with waitlist mortality for pediatric heart transplant (HTx) candidates, combining variables associated with institutional offer acceptance practices as well as candidate-specific risk factors. They analyzed the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database for pediatric HTx candidates listed between 2010 and 2020. The dataset was split into training (82%) and testing (18%). Of the 5523 pediatric candidates identified, overall waitlist mortality was 9.8%. The CatBoost model achieved the highest predictive performance. Key predictors used were included candidate diagnosis, age/size, ventilator use, eGFR, serum albumin, ECMO, and institutional factors such as high offer refusal rates and low transplant volume.
AHRQ-funded; HS029548.
Citation: Haregu F, Dixon RJ, McCulloch M . Machine learning for predicting waitlist mortality in pediatric heart transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2025 Jun; 29(4):e70095. doi: 10.1111/petr.70095.
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Transplantation, Heart Disease and Health, Mortality
Sliwinski K, McHugh MD, Squires AP
Nurse work environment and hospital readmission disparities between patients with and without limited English proficiency.
Researchers used multivariable logistic regression models to examine how hospital nurse work environment was associated with decreased disparities in hospital readmissions between patients with or without limited English proficiency (LEP). Significant interaction was found between patient LEP status and nurse work environment; patients with LEP experienced lower odds of 7-day readmission in more favorable nurse work environments.
AHRQ-funded; HS000078.
Citation: Sliwinski K, McHugh MD, Squires AP . Nurse work environment and hospital readmission disparities between patients with and without limited English proficiency. Res Nurs Health 2025 Jun; 48(3):398-405. doi: 10.1002/nur.22462.
Keywords: Provider: Nurse, Hospital Readmissions, Disparities
Guettabi M, Arnold RI, Ferucci ED
On telemedicine and healthcare spending.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how telemedicine affects healthcare spending patterns. Using de-identified data from the Alaska Tribal Health System and Medicaid, researchers compared healthcare expenditures between telemedicine users and a matched sample of non-users. Results showed that individuals who used telemedicine services incurred lower healthcare spending compared to the control group after their first exposure to telemedicine. The researchers' preferred estimates indicated a 1.14% decrease in spending for the Medicaid sample and a 0.7% decrease for the Alaska Tribal Health System sample. These findings contribute to our understanding of telemedicine's potential economic benefits as its use continues to increase worldwide, raising important questions about its effects on health outcomes, utilization rates, and healthcare costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS026208.
Citation: Guettabi M, Arnold RI, Ferucci ED . On telemedicine and healthcare spending. Int J Circumpolar Health 2025 Dec; 84(1):2489195. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2025.2489195.
Keywords: Telehealth, Health Information Technology (HIT), Healthcare Costs, Medicaid

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