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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by 大象视频or authored by 大象视频researchers.

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1 to 25 of 451 Research Studies Displayed
Abdus S
大象视频Author: Abdus S
Trends in Medicaid take-up among eligible adults after the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions: 2014-2019.
This research investigated changes in Medicaid enrollment patterns among eligible adults following the Affordable Care Act implementation. Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data, the study simulated eligibility based on state-specific rules from 2014-2019. Among all Medicaid-eligible citizen adults aged 19-64, enrollment increased from 55.5% in 2014-2015 to 61.9% in 2016-2017, then stabilized at 61.5% in 2018-2019. For adults who became eligible through Medicaid expansions, enrollment rose from 44.1% to 53.8% between 2014-2015 and 2016-2017. Pre-ACA eligible adults showed no significant enrollment change during this period (66.8% to 69.7%). The research identified notable variations in take-up rates across different population subgroups.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Abdus S . Trends in Medicaid take-up among eligible adults after the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions: 2014-2019. Med Care Res Rev 2025 Feb; 82(1):100-06. doi: 10.1177/10775587241273429.
Keywords: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), Medicaid, Health Insurance, Policy
Sabik LM, Kwon Y, Drake C
Impact of the Affordable Care Act on access to accredited facilities for cancer treatment.
The objective of this study was to examine differential changes in receipt of surgery at National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers (NCI-CCC) and Commission on Cancer (CoC) accredited hospitals for adult patients with cancer more who might be newly eligible for coverage under Affordable Care Act insurance expansions. Data was taken from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Findings showed a differential increase in receiving care at an NCI-CCC among patients in high baseline uninsurance areas and an estimated positive but not statistically significant differential change in care at the larger set of CoC hospitals.
AHRQ-funded; HS027396.
Citation: Sabik LM, Kwon Y, Drake C . Impact of the Affordable Care Act on access to accredited facilities for cancer treatment. Health Serv Res 2024 Dec; 59(6):e14315. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.14315.
Keywords: Access to Care, Policy, Cancer
Pak TR, Chen T, Kanjilal S
Testing and masking policies and hospital-onset respiratory viral infections.
This research letter summarized a cohort study which examined the association of changes in masking and testing requirements for healthcare staff with incidence of hospital-onset SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in ten hospitals in the Mass General Brigham system. The findings showed that stopping universal masking and SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with a significant increase in hospital-onset respiratory viral infections relative to community infections; returning to staff masking was associated with a significant decrease.
AHRQ-funded; HS030118.
Citation: Pak TR, Chen T, Kanjilal S . Testing and masking policies and hospital-onset respiratory viral infections. JAMA Netw Open 2024 Nov 4; 7(11):e2448063. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48063.
Keywords: Hospitals, COVID-19, Prevention, Respiratory Conditions, Policy
Jhang J, Brennan TA
Evidence that regulatory and market forces are driving adoption of biosimilars.
The purpose of this study was to examine the evolution of biosimilar medications in the U.S. healthcare market, focusing on factors affecting their adoption after initial slow growth. The investigation explored how different medication classes and financial stakeholders influence market dynamics. The research used adalimumab biosimilars as a case study to demonstrate recent market developments. The analysis identified potential policy changes that could enhance biosimilar adoption through regulatory adjustments and payment reforms to help control biological drug costs.
AHRQ-funded; HS000055.
Citation: Jhang J, Brennan TA . Evidence that regulatory and market forces are driving adoption of biosimilars. Health Aff 2024 Nov; 43(11):1553-60. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2024.00366.
Keywords: Medication, Policy
DiMeo A, Logendran R, Sommers BD
Navigating the labyrinth of pregnancy-related coverage for undocumented immigrants: an assessment of current state and federal policies.
This study assessed current state and federal policies for pregnancy-related coverage for undocumented immigrants. States must provide coverage for labor and delivery through Emergency Medicaid by federal law. The authors searched state Medicaid and federal government websites and found that 27 states and the District of Columbia provide additional coverage for prenatal care, postpartum care, or both, while 23 states do not. Twelve states include any postpartum coverage and 7 provide coverage for 12 months postpartum. Many barriers still exist to access, such as lack of transparency, lack of availability of information in multiple languages, and incorrect information.
AHRQ-funded; HS026370.
Citation: DiMeo A, Logendran R, Sommers BD . Navigating the labyrinth of pregnancy-related coverage for undocumented immigrants: an assessment of current state and federal policies. Am J Public Health 2024 Oct; 114(10):1051-60. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307750..
Keywords: Maternal Health, Women, Health Insurance, Policy, Access to Care
Gustavson AM, Morrow CD, Brown RJ, , Brown RJ
Reimagining how we synthesize information to impact clinical care, policy, and research priorities in real time: examples and lessons learned from COVID-19.
This methods paper described how the authors reimagined synthesizing information to impact clinical care, policy, and research priorities in real time using examples and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. They presented three exemplar cases of rapid evidence synthesis products from the Veterans Healthcare Administration Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP), and, in the context of these examples, outlined ESP products, challenges, and lessons learned. They faced challenges in (1) balancing scientific rigor with the speed in which evidence synthesis was needed, (2) sorting through rapidly evolving large bodies of evidence, and (3) assessing the impact of evidence synthesis products on clinical care, policy, and research. They found solutions in (1) engaging stakeholders early, (2) utilizing artificial intelligence capabilities, (3) building infrastructure to establish living reviews, and (4) planning for dissemination to maximize impact.
AHRQ-funded; HS026379.
Citation: Gustavson AM, Morrow CD, Brown RJ, , Brown RJ . Reimagining how we synthesize information to impact clinical care, policy, and research priorities in real time: examples and lessons learned from COVID-19. J Gen Intern Med 2024 Oct; 39(13):2554-59. doi: 10.1007/s11606-024-08855-y..
Keywords: COVID-19, Policy, Health Services Research (HSR), Evidence-Based Practice
Strehlow M, Gisondi MA, Caretta-Weyer H
2023 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Precision Emergency Medicine: Development of a policy-relevant, patient-centered research agenda.
This study aimed to establish a research agenda for precision emergency medicine (EM) through a national consensus conference. It defined precision EM as data-driven care tailored to individual patient characteristics and identified educational gaps for EM clinicians. Nine workgroups contributed to developing key research questions and a 10-year agenda, highlighting the importance of data, interconnected research themes, and the implications of technology in healthcare. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive training in precision EM to address its potential and challenges effectively.
AHRQ-funded; HS029275.
Citation: Strehlow M, Gisondi MA, Caretta-Weyer H . 2023 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Precision Emergency Medicine: Development of a policy-relevant, patient-centered research agenda. Acad Emerg Med 2024 Aug; 31(8):805-16. doi: 10.1111/acem.14932..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Policy, Patient-Centered Healthcare
Terp S, Ahmed S, Reichert Z
Civil monetary penalties for EMTALA violations involving minors, 2002-2023.
An analysis of Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act civil monetary penalties from 2002-2023 revealed that 14.6% of violations involved minors. Among these cases, most infractions concerned failure to provide medical screening exams or stabilizing treatment. Nearly one-fifth involved pregnant minors, while approximately one-third involved inappropriate patient redirection without proper screening. The study highlights the need for enhanced provider education regarding EMTALA requirements, particularly in facilities with limited pediatric services.
AHRQ-funded; HS022402; HS028671.
Citation: Terp S, Ahmed S, Reichert Z . Civil monetary penalties for EMTALA violations involving minors, 2002-2023. Hosp Pediatr 2024 Aug; 14(8):674-81. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2024-007732..
Keywords: Emergency Department, Access to Care, Policy, Children/Adolescents
Bartsch SM, Weatherwax C, Leff B
Modeling nursing home harms from COVID-19 staff furlough policies.
The objective of this modeling study was to compare COVID-19-related with non-related harms associated with allowing staff who are mildly ill with COVID-19 to work while masked. An agent-based model representing a 100-bed nursing home and its residents, staff, and their interactions as well as resident and staff health outcomes simulated the impact of different COVID-19 furlough policies over one post-pandemic year. The results indicated that allowing nursing home staff to work with mild COVID-19 illness was associated with fewer resident harms from staffing shortages and missed care tasks than harms from increased COVID-19 transmission.
AHRQ-funded; HS028165.
Citation: Bartsch SM, Weatherwax C, Leff B . Modeling nursing home harms from COVID-19 staff furlough policies. JAMA Netw Open 2024 Aug; 7(8):e2429613. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29613..
Keywords: COVID-19, Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care, Policy
Dunkley R, Omeaku N, Trickey AW
Growth of statewide emergency medical services bypass policies for acute stroke.
This research letter describes a cross-sectional study that used policy data sources to evaluate transport policies that directed emergency medical services (EMS) to bypass local emergency departments for the closest certified stroke centers as a proven treatment for stroke. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention legal analysts retrospectively analyzed stroke systems of care (SSOC) laws in all 50 states that went into effect from 2005 through 2020. The results showed that 16 states had stroke policy components in place before a statewide EMS policy was in effect. Many stroke policy components were enacted simultaneously and for 17 states, components were in place soon after the statewide policy went into effect. The authors noted that a primary limitation of this study was the lack of data available for states with no policies, but that this analysis set the stage for the future evaluation of SSOC policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS026207.
Citation: Dunkley R, Omeaku N, Trickey AW . Growth of statewide emergency medical services bypass policies for acute stroke. JAMA Health Forum 2024 Jul 5; 5(7):e241752. doi: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.1752..
Keywords: Stroke, Emergency Department, Policy, Cardiovascular Conditions
Levengood TW, Conti RM, Cahill S
Assessing the impact of the 340B drug pricing program: a scoping review of the empirical, peer-reviewed literature.
This scoping literature review examines the 340B Drug Pricing Program, which accounts for roughly 1% out of every 100 dollars spent in the $4.3 trillion US health care industry. The objectives were to summarize i) common research questions published about 340B, ii) what is empirically known about 340B and its implications, and iii) remaining knowledge gaps, all organized in a way that is informative to practitioners, researchers, and decision makers. The authors identified 15 frequently asked research questions in the literature, across 6 categories of inquiry-motivation (margin or mission) and scope (external, covered entity, and care delivery interface). Literature with greatest internal validity leaned toward evidence of margin-motivated behavior at the external environment and covered entity levels. Inconsistent findings supported mission-motivated behavior at these levels. This was particularly the case among participating disproportionate share hospitals (DSHs). The case studies included were unanimous in demonstrating positive effects of the 340B program for carrying out a provider's safety net mission.
AHRQ-funded; HS029147.
Citation: Levengood TW, Conti RM, Cahill S . Assessing the impact of the 340B drug pricing program: a scoping review of the empirical, peer-reviewed literature. Milbank Q 2024 Jun; 102(2):429-262. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12691.
Keywords: Healthcare Costs, Policy
Kelly MM, Kieren MQ, Coller RJ
Pediatric open notes: caregiver experiences since the 21st Century Cures Act.
This progress report discusses the impact of the 2020 21st Century Cures Act Final Rule, which mandates that patients and their caregivers have free, secure, and immediate access to their electronic health information, including clinical notes. The authors discuss the results of a study where they surveyed parents who were offered access to clinical notes during their child鈥檚 hospital stay. The benefit most frequently cited by parents was the ability to recapitulate their child鈥檚 care plan, while the most mentioned challenge was confusion caused by misunderstanding note content. Policy implications are discussed that might mitigate challenges including sociodemographic disparities as well as language barriers and limited health literacy. They present technological solutions such as use of AI algorithms to identify and filter confidential, potentially sensitive, information to different tiers of access that would allow adolescents a greater degree of control over their personal information. The use of natural language processing also has the potential to automatically translate medical language into more patient and family-friendly terms.
AHRQ-funded; HS027214; HS027894.
Citation: Kelly MM, Kieren MQ, Coller RJ . Pediatric open notes: caregiver experiences since the 21st Century Cures Act. Acad Pediatr 2024 May-Jun; 24(4):556-58. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.10.001..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Caregiving, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), Health Information Technology (HIT), Policy
Antwi YA, Meille G, Moriya AS
大象视频Author: Meille G, Moriya Asako S
Heterogeneous effects of the Affordable Care Act on emergency department visits and payer composition among older adults by race and ethnicity.
This AHRQ-authored paper鈥檚 goal was to estimate the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on emergency department (ED) visits and the composition of insurance coverage for White, Black, and Hispanic older adults. Their estimation strategy used changes in the discontinuity of health insurance coverage at age 65 and the variation in state decisions about Medicaid expansion under the ACA. They found that uninsured ED visits decreased for older adults in all three racial and ethnic groups in Medicaid expansion and non-expansion states. The magnitude of the decreases varied from four visits per 1,000 persons among White older adults in non-expansion states to 23 visits per 1,000 persons among Black and Hispanic older adults in expansion states. Insurance coverage gains came primarily from Medicaid in expansion states and private insurance in non-expansion states, regardless of race or ethnicity. They found suggestive evidence of increased ED visits for Black and Hispanic populations that had low insurance coverage rates before 2014.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Antwi YA, Meille G, Moriya AS . Heterogeneous effects of the Affordable Care Act on emergency department visits and payer composition among older adults by race and ethnicity. American Journal of Health Economics 2024 Spring; 10(2):272-99. doi: 10.1086/728787..
Keywords: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Elderly, Emergency Department, Policy, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Healthcare Utilization
Kim B, Thorpe LE, Spoer BR
State-level firearm laws and firearm homicide in US cities: heterogenous associations by city characteristics.
This study examined the associations of distinct state firearm law categories on homicide rates on various cities within the same state using identical methods. The authors examined associations of 5 categories of state firearm laws-pertaining to buyers, dealers, domestic violence, gun type/trafficking, and possession-with city-level firearm homicide, and then tested differential associations by city characteristics. They examined city-level panel data on firearm homicide cases of 78 major cities from 2010 to 2020 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Vital Statistics System. They modeled log-transformed firearm homicide rates as a function of firearm law scores, city, state, and year fixed effects, along with time-varying city-level confounders. They considered effect measure modification by poverty, unemployment, vacant housing, and income inequality. A one z-score increase in state gun type/trafficking, possession, and dealer law scores was associated with 25%, 19%, and 17% lower firearm homicide rates, respectively. Cities with high unemployment and high housing vacancy rates had less protective associations, but more pronounced in cities with high income inequality. Large US cities had lower firearm homicide rates associated with state-level gun type/trafficking, possession, and dealer laws, but not with buyers and domestic violence laws.
AHRQ-funded; HS026120.
Citation: Kim B, Thorpe LE, Spoer BR . State-level firearm laws and firearm homicide in US cities: heterogenous associations by city characteristics. J Urban Health 2024 Apr; 101(2):280-88. doi: 10.1007/s11524-024-00851-1..
Keywords: Policy
Hughes PM, McGrath RE, Thomas KC
Simulating the impact of psychologist prescribing authority policies on mental health prescriber shortages.
National and state-level secondary data were used to construct a policy simulation for the impact of granting prescriptive authority to licensed psychologists. The results suggested that granting prescriptive authority would reduce shortages of authorized mental health professionals, but further work is required to examine potential implications.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hughes PM, McGrath RE, Thomas KC . Simulating the impact of psychologist prescribing authority policies on mental health prescriber shortages. Prof Psychol Res Pr 2024 Apr; 55(2):140-50. doi: 10.1037/pro0000560..
Keywords: Behavioral Health, Policy, Medication
Mao Y, Li Y, McGarry B
Home time and state regulations among Medicare beneficiaries in assisted living communities.
The objectives of this study were to assess variation in home time among assisted living (AL) residents in the year following admission and to examine associations with state regulations for direct care workers (DCW) training and staffing and for licensed nurse staffing. The study sample included new Medicare beneficiary residents in over 12,000 AL facilities. Findings showed that home time varied substantially among AL residents depending on resident characteristics and state-level regulatory specificity; residents eligible for Medicare and Medicaid had shorter home time than the Medicare-only residents. The authors concluded that their findings could guide AL operators and state legislators toward improvements in this important quality of life metric.
AHRQ-funded; HS026893.
Citation: Mao Y, Li Y, McGarry B . Home time and state regulations among Medicare beneficiaries in assisted living communities. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024 Mar; 72(3):742-52. doi: 10.1111/jgs.18709..
Keywords: Medicare, Policy, Long-Term Care, Quality of Life
Hughes PM, Easterly CW, Thomas K
North Carolina Medicaid system perspectives on substance use disorder treatment policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study鈥檚 objective was to describe perspectives from stakeholders involved in North Carolina鈥檚 Medicaid system on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment policy changes during the COVID pandemic. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with state agency representatives, Medicaid managed care organizations and providers, as well as three focus groups of Medicaid beneficiaries with SUD. Responses indicated that policy changes such as telehealth and take-home methadone were overall considered beneficial; staffing shortages, however, remained a substantial barrier. The researchers concluded that the policy changes should be continued, but additional steps are needed to ensure payment parity for telehealth services.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hughes PM, Easterly CW, Thomas K . North Carolina Medicaid system perspectives on substance use disorder treatment policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Addict Med 2024 Mar-Apr; 18(2):e1-e7. doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001272..
Keywords: COVID-19, Medicaid, Substance Abuse, Behavioral Health, Policy
Jindal M, Barnert E, Chomilo N
大象视频Author: Mistry KB
Policy solutions to eliminate racial and ethnic child health disparities in the USA.
This partly AHRQ-authored paper is part of a series on Racism and Child Health in the USA, which builds on Paper 1's summary of existing disparities in health-care delivery and highlights policies within multiple sectors that can be modified and supported to improve health equity, and, in so doing, improves the health of racially and ethnically minoritized children. The authors discuss current and historical policy approaches across housing, employment, health insurance, immigration, and criminal which have the potential to affect child health equity. They commented that these policies must be considered with a focus on structural racism to understand which have the potential to eliminate or at least attenuate disparities. If these policy efforts do not directly address structural racism, they will not achieve equity and instead worsen gaps and existing disparities in access and quality-thereby continuing to perpetuate a two-tier system dictated by racism.
AHRQ-authored.
Citation: Jindal M, Barnert E, Chomilo N . Policy solutions to eliminate racial and ethnic child health disparities in the USA. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2024 Feb; 8(2):159-74. doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00262-6..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Disparities, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Policy
Beck AF, Henize AW, Klein MD
A data-driven approach to optimizing medical-legal partnership performance and joint advocacy.
This paper discusses ways that medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) have facilitated advocacy at both patient (client) and population levels. MLPs address health-harming legal needs experienced by low-income families. In particular, the article discusses the work of the MLP Cincinnati Child Health-Law Partnership (Child HeLP), a joint initiative that bridges the primary care clinics at Cincinnati Children鈥檚 with the Legal Aid Society of Greater Cincinnati (LASGC). The authors found that Child HeLP referral was associated with a 38% reduction in hospitalizations. They discuss their use of quality improvement (QI) methods and statistical process (SPC) charts to optimize their partnership and facilitate identification of patterns amenable to population-level action and policy change. They also discuss how additional clinical-community partnerships have followed the Child HeLP model. There have been 10,190 referrals to legal partners for 7,801 children since Child HeLP鈥檚 inception in 2008. The most common reasons for referral are housing instability/adverse housing quality (~40%), public benefit denials or delays (~25%), and unmet educational needs (~20%). Referrals have resulted in an estimated $1,360,000 in recovered benefits and improvements in housing conditions, educational achievement, and other benefits.
AHRQ-funded; HS027996.
Citation: Beck AF, Henize AW, Klein MD . A data-driven approach to optimizing medical-legal partnership performance and joint advocacy. J Law Med Ethics 2023 Winter; 51(4):880-88. doi: 10.1017/jme.2023.158.
Keywords: Quality Improvement, Quality of Care, Policy
Hughes PM, Ostrach B, Tak CR
Examining differences in opioid deaths by race in North Carolina following the STOP Act, 2010-2019.
This study used State-level secondary data to examine the impact of North Carolina's 2017 STOP Act on opioid overdose deaths by race. The results showed that the opioid overdose death rate among the White population decreased following the STOP Act, but found no significant change among the Black/African American population. The authors concluded that these findings have implications for health equity and may inform the development of future substance use policies.
AHRQ-funded; HS000032.
Citation: Hughes PM, Ostrach B, Tak CR . Examining differences in opioid deaths by race in North Carolina following the STOP Act, 2010-2019. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2023 Dec; 155:209171. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209171..
Keywords: Opioids, Mortality, Substance Abuse, Policy
Watnick S, Blake PG, Mehrotra R
System-level strategies to improve home dialysis: policy levers and quality initiatives.
This article discusses trends in home dialysis use, reviews the evolving understanding of what constitutes high quality care for the home dialysis population (as well as how this can be measured), and discusses policy and advocacy efforts that continue to shape the care of US patients, and compares with experiences in other countries. The authors conclude by discussing future directions for quality and advocacy efforts.
AHRQ-funded; HS028684.
Citation: Watnick S, Blake PG, Mehrotra R . System-level strategies to improve home dialysis: policy levers and quality initiatives. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023 Dec; 18(12):1616-25. doi: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000299..
Keywords: Home Healthcare, Kidney Disease and Health, Policy, Quality Improvement, Quality of Care
Vest JR, Hinrichs RJ, Hosler H
How legal problems are conceptualized and measured in healthcare settings: a systematic review.
The purpose of this study was to answer the question, 鈥淗ow has the concept of patients' "legal problems" been operationalized in healthcare settings?鈥 via a systematic review of the peer-reviewed English-language health literature following the PRISMA guidelines. The researchers reviewed 58 studies reporting a total of 82 different measurements of legal problems. The study found that 56.8% of measures included a single concept (e.g., incarcerated only). The remainder of the measures included two or more concepts within a single reported measure (e.g., incarcerations and arrests). The concept of incarceration or being imprisoned was the most frequently appearing concept. The average of the reported legal problems was 26%. The researchers concluded from the literature that legal concepts are operationalize differently and are quite common among patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS028636.
Citation: Vest JR, Hinrichs RJ, Hosler H . How legal problems are conceptualized and measured in healthcare settings: a systematic review. Health Justice 2023 Nov 18; 11(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s40352-023-00246-5..
Keywords: Policy
Armstrong M, Groner JI, Samora J
Impact of opioid law on prescriptions and satisfaction of pediatric burn and orthopedic patients: an epidemiologic study.
This retrospective chart review study鈥檚 goal was to determine the reduction in prescribed opioid pain dosage units to pediatric patients experiencing acute pain and to assess patient satisfaction with pain control 90-day post discharge following the 2017 Ohio opioid prescribing cap law. The cohort included 960 pediatric (age 0-18 years) burn injury and knee arthroscopy patients treated between August 1, 2015-August 31, 2019. In addition, legal guardians prospectively completed a survey for a convenience sample of 50 patients. From pre-law to post-law, there was a significant decrease within the burn and knee cohorts in the median days (1.7 to 1.0 and 5.0 to 3.8, respectively) and median total morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) prescribed (15.0 to 2.5 and 150.0 to 90.0, respectively). Results from the prospective survey showed that more than half of participants were satisfied (72% burn and 68% knee) with their pain control and felt they received the right amount of medication (84% burn and 56% knee).
AHRQ-funded; HS029183.
Citation: Armstrong M, Groner JI, Samora J . Impact of opioid law on prescriptions and satisfaction of pediatric burn and orthopedic patients: an epidemiologic study. PLoS One 2023 Nov 16; 18(11):e0294279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294279..
Keywords: Children/Adolescents, Opioids, Policy, Medication
MacMartin M, Zeng A, Chelen J
'The burden of wanting to make it right': thematic analysis of semistructured interviews to explore experiences of planning for crisis standards of care and ventilator allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA.
The objective of this study was to examine the experience of healthcare professionals who created policies for crisis standards of care. Researchers conducted semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals involved in institutional planning for resource shortages in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically regarding the allocation of ventilators in the event of a shortage. One overarching theme developed: planning for resource shortages imposed a psychological burden on many planners. Four subthemes that influenced that burden were also identified. The researchers concluded that improved leadership strategies and cross-institutional collaboration can reduce the psychological burden of planning and can facilitate the update of plans in anticipation of future shortages.
AHRQ-funded; HS024075.
Citation: MacMartin M, Zeng A, Chelen J . 'The burden of wanting to make it right': thematic analysis of semistructured interviews to explore experiences of planning for crisis standards of care and ventilator allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. BMJ Open 2023 Nov 9; 13(11):e076674. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076674..
Keywords: COVID-19, Public Health, Policy
Kelm JD, Aubry ST, Cain-Nielsen AH
Impact of state opioid laws on prescribing in trauma patients.
In this cross-sectional study, researchers compared oral morphine equivalents prescribed at discharge before and after the implementation of Michigan's Public Act 251, which established a state-wide policy that limited opioid prescriptions for acute pain to a 7-day supply. Subjects were adult patients who received oral opioids at discharge from a Level 1 trauma center. The findings indicated that prescription amounts for opioids in trauma patients decreased by approximately one-half following the implementation of Public Act 251; there was no compensatory increase in subsequent refill prescriptions. The researchers concluded that further work is needed to evaluate the effect of such policies on pain management and functional recovery after injury.
AHRQ-funded; HS028672; HS027788.
Citation: Kelm JD, Aubry ST, Cain-Nielsen AH . Impact of state opioid laws on prescribing in trauma patients. Surgery 2023 Nov; 174(5):1255-62. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.08.006..
Keywords: Opioids, Policy, Medication

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