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Research Studies is a compilation of published research articles funded by ´óÏóÊÓƵor authored by ´óÏóÊÓƵresearchers.

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51 to 75 of 162 Research Studies Displayed
Jarlenski M, Hyon Baik S, Zhang Y
Trends in use of medications for smoking cessation in Medicare, 2007-2012.
This study investigated trends in utilization of smoking-cessation medications in Medicare from 2007 to 2012. It found that sixteen percent of tobacco users ever filled a prescription for a smoking-cessation medication. The proportion of beneficiaries who filled prescriptions for varenicline increased in 2007 but sharply declined corresponding to public warnings about adverse effects.
AHRQ-funded; HS018657.
Citation: Jarlenski M, Hyon Baik S, Zhang Y . Trends in use of medications for smoking cessation in Medicare, 2007-2012. Am J Prev Med 2016 Sep;51(3):301-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.02.018.
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Keywords: Medicare, Medication, Tobacco Use
Khazanie P, Hammill BG, Patel CB
Use of heart failure medical therapies among patients with left ventricular assist devices: insights from INTERMACS.
The authors examined the use of heart failure medications before and after left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) implant in adult patients enrolled in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS). They found that overall use of neurohormonal antagonists was low after LVAD implant, whereas use of loop diuretics and amiodarone remained high, and concluded that heart failure medication use is highly variable, but appears to generally increase after LVAD implantation.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Khazanie P, Hammill BG, Patel CB . Use of heart failure medical therapies among patients with left ventricular assist devices: insights from INTERMACS. J Card Fail 2016 Sep;22(9):672-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.02.004.
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Keywords: Comparative Effectiveness, Heart Disease and Health, Medical Devices, Medication, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
Wu AC, Butler MG, Li L
Primary adherence to controller medications for asthma is poor.
The objective of this study was to compare real-world adherence, including both primary and secondary adherence, to the major controller regimens (inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), leukotriene antagonists (LTRAs), or ICS/long-acting b-agonists (ICS/LABAs) in diverse, insured populations. It found that adherence to controller medications is poor and many patients do not ever fill prescriptions for controller medications. However, primary adherence to ICSs was better than to LTRAs and ICS/LABAs.
AHRQ-funded; HS019669.
Citation: Wu AC, Butler MG, Li L . Primary adherence to controller medications for asthma is poor. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015 Feb;12(2):161-6. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201410-459OC..
Keywords: Asthma, Patient Adherence/Compliance, Medication, Comparative Effectiveness
Walley AY, Green TC
Mainstreaming naloxone through coprescription to patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain.
This editorial comments on the Coffin and colleagues' report of the Naloxone for Opioid Safety Evaluation (NOSE) study. The authors concluded that the NOSE study is a substantial step forward in demonstrating the feasibility of coprescription of rescue kits in primary care settings. (Coffin et al., Ann Intern Med. 2016 Aug 16;165(4):245-52.)
AHRQ-funded; HS024021.
Citation: Walley AY, Green TC . Mainstreaming naloxone through coprescription to patients receiving long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain. Ann Intern Med 2016 Aug 16;165(4):292-3. doi: 10.7326/m16-1348.

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Keywords: Chronic Conditions, Medication, Patient Safety, Primary Care
McManus KA, Rhodes A, Bailey S
Affordable Care Act qualified health plan coverage: association with improved HIV viral suppression for AIDS drug assistance program clients in a Medicaid nonexpansion state.
The objective of this study was to characterize the demographic and healthcare delivery factors associated with Virginia AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) clients' qualified health plan (QHP) enrollment and to assess the relationship between qualified health coverage and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral suppression. It concluded that QHP coverage was associated with viral suppression, an essential outcome for individuals and for public health.
AHRQ-funded; HS024196.
Citation: McManus KA, Rhodes A, Bailey S . Affordable Care Act qualified health plan coverage: association with improved HIV viral suppression for AIDS drug assistance program clients in a Medicaid nonexpansion state. Clin Infect Dis 2016 Aug;63(3):396-403. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw277.
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Keywords: Health Insurance, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Medicaid, Medication, Outcomes
Govani SM, Wiitala WL, Stidham RW
Age disparities in the use of steroid-sparing therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
The investigators compared the use of steroids and steroid-sparing therapies and rates of complications among elderly and younger patients in a national cohort of veterans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They found that, after starting steroids, fracture rates increased in the elderly patients with IBD, whereas increases in venous thromboembolism and infections after starting steroids affected both age groups. Additonally, elderly veterans were less likely to receive steroids and steroid-sparing medications than younger veterans.
AHRQ-funded; HS024122.
Citation: Govani SM, Wiitala WL, Stidham RW . Age disparities in the use of steroid-sparing therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016 Aug;22(8):1923-8. doi: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000817.
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Keywords: Digestive Disease and Health, Disparities, Elderly, Medication, Practice Patterns
Bali V, Chatterjee S, Johnson ML
Comparative risk of hip fractures in elderly nursing home patients with depression using paroxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
The researchers evaluated comparative safety of paroxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for the risk of hip fractures. They found no differential risk of hip fractures between paroxetine and other SSRIs.
AHRQ-funded; HS021264.
Citation: Bali V, Chatterjee S, Johnson ML . Comparative risk of hip fractures in elderly nursing home patients with depression using paroxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Comp Eff Res 2016 Aug;5(5):461-73. doi: 10.2217/cer-2016-0009.
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Keywords: Medication, Elderly, Injuries and Wounds, Nursing Homes, Patient Safety
Fleischman W, Ross JS, Melnick ER
Financial ties between emergency physicians and industry: insights from open payments data.
The authors sought to describe nonresearch, nonroyalty Open Payments made to emergency physicians in the United States. They found that nearly a third of emergency physicians received such payments from industry in 2014, and that most payments were of small monetary value and for activities related to the marketing of antithrombotic drugs.
AHRQ-funded; HS021271.
Citation: Fleischman W, Ross JS, Melnick ER . Financial ties between emergency physicians and industry: insights from open payments data. Ann Emerg Med 2016 Aug;68(2):153-58.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.01.014.
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Keywords: Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Medication, Policy, Practice Patterns, Provider: Physician
Pradarelli JC, Varban OA, Dimick JB
Hospital variation in rates of acid-reducing medication use after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
This study assessed variation in hospital performance with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy using rates of acid-reducing medication use at postoperative 1 year. It concluded that across Michigan hospitals, rates of new acid-reducing medication use at 1 year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy varied widely and did not correlate with traditional quality indicators.
AHRQ-funded; R01 HS023597.
Citation: Pradarelli JC, Varban OA, Dimick JB . Hospital variation in rates of acid-reducing medication use after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016 Aug;12(7):1382-89. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.11.016.
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Keywords: Hospitals, Medication, Surgery, Quality Indicators (QIs), Outcomes
Allaire BT, Raghavan R, Brown DS
Morbid obesity and use of second generation antipsychotics among adolescents in foster care: evidence from Medicaid.
The researchers examined the association between receiving a morbid obesity diagnosis and second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) prescriptions among adolescents in foster care. They found that the risk increases with age. Quetiapine and clozapine increased the risk of a morbid obesity diagnosis more than 2.5 times, and two or more psychotropic drugs (polypharmacy) increased the risk fivefold.
AHRQ-funded; HS020269.
Citation: Allaire BT, Raghavan R, Brown DS . Morbid obesity and use of second generation antipsychotics among adolescents in foster care: evidence from Medicaid. Child Youth Serv Rev 2016 Aug;67:27-31. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.019.
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Keywords: Medicaid, Obesity, Medication, Children/Adolescents, Risk
Kennedy-Hendricks A, Busch SH, McGinty EE
Primary care physicians' perspectives on the prescription opioid epidemic.
The authors aimed to determine primary care physicians' perceptions of the seriousness of the prescription opioid epidemic, its causes, groups responsible for addressing it, attitudes toward individuals with prescription opioid use disorder, beliefs about the effectiveness of addiction treatments, and support for various policies. They found that respondents largely attributed the causes to individual-oriented factors and certain physician-oriented factors, and that respondents believed that individuals with prescription opioid use disorder and physicians were primarily responsible for addressing the problem. The researchers also found that negative attitudes toward people with prescription opioid use disorder were prevalent, but a majority believed that treatment could be effective.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Kennedy-Hendricks A, Busch SH, McGinty EE . Primary care physicians' perspectives on the prescription opioid epidemic. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016 Aug 1;165:61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.010.
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Keywords: Behavioral Health, Medication, Opioids, Primary Care, Substance Abuse
Gidengil CA, Mehrotra A, Beach S
What drives variation in antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections?
This study sought to identify the underlying factors driving variation in antibiotic prescribing across clinicians and settings. The investigators concluded that poor-quality antibiotic prescribing was associated with feeling rushed, believing less strongly that antibiotics were overused, and believing that patient demand was not an issue, factors that can be assessed and addressed in future interventions.
AHRQ-funded; HS018419.
Citation: Gidengil CA, Mehrotra A, Beach S . What drives variation in antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections? J Gen Intern Med 2016 Aug;31(8):918-24. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3643-0..
Keywords: Antibiotics, Medication, Respiratory Conditions, Practice Patterns
Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Brasure M
Pharmacologic treatment of insomnia disorder: an evidence report for a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians.
The researchers assessed the benefits, harms, and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments for adults with insomnia disorder. Their review concluded that eszopiclone, zolpidem, and suvorexant may improve short-term global and sleep outcomes for adults with insomnia disorder, but the comparative effectiveness and long-term efficacy of pharmacotherapies for insomnia are not known.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200016I.
Citation: Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Brasure M . Pharmacologic treatment of insomnia disorder: an evidence report for a clinical practice guideline by the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2016 Jul 18;165(2):103-12. doi: 10.7326/m15-1781.
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Keywords: Sleep Problems, Comparative Effectiveness, Medication, Evidence-Based Practice
Mueller LE, Haidari LA, Wateska AR
The impact of implementing a demand forecasting system into a low-income country's supply chain.
The authors evaluated the potential impact and value of applications of data from demand forecasting systems implemented in a lower-income country's vaccine supply chain with different levels of population change to urban areas. They used their HERMES software to study Niger's entire vaccine supply chain and found that demand forecasting systems have the potential to greatly improve vaccine demand fulfilment, and decrease logistics cost/dose, when implemented with storage and transportation increases.
AHRQ-funded; HS023317.
Citation: Mueller LE, Haidari LA, Wateska AR . The impact of implementing a demand forecasting system into a low-income country's supply chain. Vaccine 2016 Jul 12;34(32):3663-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.027.
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Keywords: Access to Care, Health Services Research (HSR), Low-Income, Medication, Vaccination
Ing C, Sun LS, Friend AF
Adverse events and resource utilization after spinal and general anesthesia in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy.
This study compared spinal anesthesia (SA) versus general anesthesia (GA) in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy. It concluded that infants undergoing pyloromyotomy with SA had shorter operating room times and postoperative length of stay, no significant differences in adverse event rates, and decreased exposure to IV and inhaled anesthetics, although SA infants often still required supplemental anesthetics.
AHRQ-funded; HS022941.
Citation: Ing C, Sun LS, Friend AF . Adverse events and resource utilization after spinal and general anesthesia in infants undergoing pyloromyotomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2016 Jul-Aug;41(4):532-7. doi: 10.1097/aap.0000000000000421.
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Keywords: Newborns/Infants, Surgery, Medication, Medication: Safety, Adverse Drug Events (ADE)
Colantonio LD, Kent ST, Kilgore ML
Agreement between Medicare pharmacy claims, self-report, and medication inventory for assessing lipid-lowering medication use.
This paper analyzed the agreement between Medicare claims for lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and LLM use. Many Medicare beneficiaries reporting LLM use or having LLMs in a medication inventory have no claims for these medications.
AHRQ-funded; HS018517.
Citation: Colantonio LD, Kent ST, Kilgore ML . Agreement between Medicare pharmacy claims, self-report, and medication inventory for assessing lipid-lowering medication use. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016 Jul;25(7):827-35. doi: 10.1002/pds.3970.
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Keywords: Medicare, Medication, Elderly, Racial and Ethnic Minorities, Data
Patel PA, Liang L, Khazanie P
Antihyperglycemic medication use among Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease.
The authors sought to investigate the overall use and safety of antihyperglycemic medications (AHMs) among patients with diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. They found that treatment of diabetes mellitus in patients with HF and chronic kidney disease is complex, and these patients are commonly treated with renal contraindicated AHMs, including over 6% receiving a thiazolidinedione, despite known concerns regarding HF. They recommended more research regarding safety and efficacy of various AHMs among HF patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS021092.
Citation: Patel PA, Liang L, Khazanie P . Antihyperglycemic medication use among Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Circ Heart Fail 2016 Jul;9(7). doi: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002638.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Elderly, Heart Disease and Health, Kidney Disease and Health, Medication
Smith KJ, Handler SM, Kapoor WN
Automated communication tools and computer-based medication reconciliation to decrease hospital discharge medication errors.
This study examines a health care system’s implementation of a broader set of automated primary care physician communication tools, including computerized medication reconciliation, and its impact on discharge medication errors. It found that implementation of automated health system–based tools, including computerized discharge medication reconciliation, decreased hospital discharge medication errors in medically complex patients.
AHRQ-funded; HS018151.
Citation: Smith KJ, Handler SM, Kapoor WN . Automated communication tools and computer-based medication reconciliation to decrease hospital discharge medication errors. Am J Med Qual 2016 Jul;31(4):315-22. doi: 10.1177/1062860615574327..
Keywords: Health Information Technology (HIT), Communication, Medication, Medical Errors, Hospital Discharge
Sawinski D, Trofe-Clark J, Leas B
Calcineurin inhibitor minimization, conversion, withdrawal, and avoidance strategies in renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The researchers evaluated 92 comparisons from 88 randomized controlled trials and found moderate- to high-strength evidence suggesting that minimization strategies result in better clinical outcomes compared with standard-dose regimens and moderate-strength evidence indicating that conversion to a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor or belatacept was associated with improved renal function but increased rejection risk.
AHRQ-funded; 290201200011I.

Citation: Sawinski D, Trofe-Clark J, Leas B . Calcineurin inhibitor minimization, conversion, withdrawal, and avoidance strategies in renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Transplant 2016 Jul;16(7):2117-38. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13710.
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Keywords: Transplantation, Comparative Effectiveness, Evidence-Based Practice, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Medication
Morrato EH, Brewer SE, Campagna EJ
Glucose testing for adults receiving Medicaid and antipsychotics: a population-based prescriber survey on behaviors, attitudes, and barriers.
The authors aimed to assess provider attitudes about glucose testing for adults prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medication. They concluded that establishing organizational priority across all treatment settings is important for achieving population-based diabetes screening goals for all Medicaid patients receiving antipsychotics.
AHRQ-funded; HS019464.
Citation: Morrato EH, Brewer SE, Campagna EJ . Glucose testing for adults receiving Medicaid and antipsychotics: a population-based prescriber survey on behaviors, attitudes, and barriers. Psychiatr Serv 2016 Jul 1;67(7):798-802. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500181.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Medication, Behavioral Health, Practice Patterns, Screening
Humble SS, Wilson LD, Leath TC
ICU sedation with dexmedetomidine after severe traumatic brain injury.
This study describes the dexmedetomidine dosage and infusion times, as well as the physiological parameters, neurological status and daily narcotic requirements before, during and after dexmedetomidine infusion. Its findings demonstrate that initiation of dexmedetomidine infusion is not associated with a decline in neurological functioning in adults with severe TBI.
AHRQ-funded; HS013833.
Citation: Humble SS, Wilson LD, Leath TC . ICU sedation with dexmedetomidine after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2016;30(10):1266-70. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1187289.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Brain Injury, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Medication, Trauma
McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Yao X
Intensive treatment and severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of intensive treatment and the association between intensive treatment, clinical complexity, and incidence of severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. The researchers found that over 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes received intensive treatment that might have been unnecessary and that among patients with high clinical complexity, intensive treatment nearly doubled the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
AHRQ-funded; HS018339.
Citation: McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Yao X . Intensive treatment and severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Intern Med 2016 Jul;176(7):969-78. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2275.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Diabetes, Medication, Patient-Centered Healthcare, Risk
Kennedy-Hendricks A, Gielen A, McDonald E
Medication sharing, storage, and disposal practices for opioid medications among US adults.
The authors conducted a national survey among US adults with recent opioid medication use to examine the pervasiveness of sharing opioid medications, medication storage and disposal practices, and the sources of information received. Their findings suggested that current practices related to sharing, storing, and disposing of opioid medications, as well as communication of information on these topics, are suboptimal. They recommended that more research is needed to identify effective strategies to advance safer practices related to opioid medication sharing, storage, and disposal.
AHRQ-funded; HS000029.
Citation: Kennedy-Hendricks A, Gielen A, McDonald E . Medication sharing, storage, and disposal practices for opioid medications among US adults. JAMA Intern Med 2016 Jul;176(7):1027-9. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2543.
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Keywords: Medication: Safety, Medication, Opioids, Patient Safety, Substance Abuse
Raebel MA, Shetterly S, Lu CY
Methods for using clinical laboratory test results as baseline confounders in multi-site observational database studies when missing data are expected.
The purpose of this paper was to quantify missing baseline laboratory results, assess predictors of missingness, and examine performance of missing data methods. The researchers used the Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database to select three exposure-outcome scenarios with laboratory results as baseline confounders. They found that missing data methods performed similarly.
AHRQ-funded; HS023898.
Citation: Raebel MA, Shetterly S, Lu CY . Methods for using clinical laboratory test results as baseline confounders in multi-site observational database studies when missing data are expected. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016 Jul;25(7):798-814. doi: 10.1002/pds.4015.
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Keywords: Adverse Drug Events (ADE), Blood Thinners, Data, Diagnostic Safety and Quality, Medication
Zullo AR, Dore DD, Daiello L
National trends in treatment initiation for nursing home residents with diabetes mellitus, 2008 to 2010.
The authors studied trends in initiation of glucose-lowering medications in a national cohort of nursing home residents. They found that, between 2008 and 2010, there were substantial decreases in the use of oral glucose-lowering agents and corresponding increases in the use of insulin among long-term residents of US nursing homes.
AHRQ-funded; HS022998.
Citation: Zullo AR, Dore DD, Daiello L . National trends in treatment initiation for nursing home residents with diabetes mellitus, 2008 to 2010. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016 Jul;17(7):602-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.02.023.
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Keywords: Diabetes, Elderly, Long-Term Care, Medication, Nursing Homes

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